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GLOSSARY 
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Cyprinide Fishes included in the families of Minnows, Carps, Chubs, Dace, Breams, Tench, 
Ides, Goldfishes, Gudgeons, Shiners, Barbels, Stone-Rollers, etc., and many among the 
multitudes of freshwater forms collectively known as Minnys and not distinguishable except 
by the naturalist from the young of other fishes which they are supposed to be by the laity 
Depressed Flattened vertically 
Depth Vertical diameter, of body of fishes and molluscs 
Dermal Pertaining to the skin 
Dextral Right-handed 
Diaphanous Translucent; semi-transparent 
Diaphragm Muscular septum between the thorax and abdomen 
Dorsal Pertaining to the back 
Dorsal fin The fin on the back of fishes 
Elong-ovate A long egg shape 
Emarginate Slightly forked; notched at the tip 
Epidermis The skin 
Erectile Susceptible of being raised or erected 
Fascicle A close cluster 
Fauna ‘The animals inhabiting any region, taken collectively 
Filament Any slender or threadlike structure 
Filiform Thread-form 
Finely dissected Split into fine threads 
Flora The plants of any region, taken collectively 
Fry The young fish after the absorption of the umbilical sac 
Furcate Forked 
Fusiform Shaped to taper at each end 
‘Gemmation Budding 
Gills | Organs for breathing the air contained in water 
Gill arches The bony arches to which the gills are attached | 
Glabrous Smooth 
Gonospores Germinating buds 
Gullet Passage to stomach 
Haustellated Provided with a sucker 
Height Vertical diameter 
Helminth A wormlike animal 
Hexagonal Six-sided 
Hypha_ Rod-like Structures; spore capsules; brood sacs 
Hyoid Pertaining to the tongue 
Ichthiology Science of fishes 
Imbricate Overlapping like shingles 
Inarticulate Not jointed 
Infraoral Below the mouth 
Infraorbital Below the orbits or eyes 
Inperforate Not pierced through 
Intermaxillaries Bones forming the middle of the front part of the upper jaw, in fishes 
Interorbital Space between the eyes 
Interopercle Membrane bone between the preopercle and the branchiostegals 
Interspinal Bones in which fin-rays are attached, in fishes 
Iris_ Part of eye surrounding the pupil 
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