16 
Presidency of the Club, and for having provided for it so 
gratifying an inauguration. The resolution having been 
carried by acclamation, the meeting terminated. 
April 12th, 1870.—The following opticians exhibited microscopes 
and apparatus :—Messrs. Ross, Beck, Ladd, Baker, Crouch, 
Collins, Moginie, Stanley, and Bailey. 
The Preswent directed the attention of the members to 
the specialities of the different exhibitors, and a vote of thanks 
was passed to them for their kindness in responding to the 
invitation that had been sent to them to give the members of 
the Club an opportunity of examining and comparing their 
various instruments. 
May 4th, 1870.—‘‘ On Fut anp its Oreanisms,” by Mr. J. W. 
Frower, F.G.S.—The author defined flint as a mineral 
or pure earth, one of the simple ingredients which go 
to make up the fabric of the earth, as well as of many 
of the plants and animals which dwell upon it; and flint 
nodules as ‘‘ concretions of siliceous particles now compact 
aud crystalline, but once in a viscid, pulpy and, as he 
believed, fluid state.” He could not accept as entirely 
correct the suggestion of Dr. Bowerbank that all flint 
was originally sponge, although sponges have a wonderful 
affinity for flint, and flint for sponges. After a masterly 
description of the geology of the neighbourhood of Croydon, 
and the various conditions and forms in which flint is found 
there ; namely, first, in its normal condition as originally 
deposited in the body of the chalk; 2nd, as the round flint 
pebbles of the Addington Hills and Croham Hurst; 8rd, as 
the green-coated sub-angular flints, very little rolled; 4th, in 
the form of large blocks or nodules of coarse flint, a good deal 
weathered and worn but not much rolled; and 5th, as the 
flint gravel on which the town of Croydon is chiefly built, 
Mr. Flower explained the agencies by which the flints in these 
distinctly different conditions had been brought into the 
positions in which they now lie, and the order of succession 
in which they had been deposited. Referring to the organisms 
found imbedded and preserved in flint, he remarked that as 
flint is a concretion formed in the chalk itself, it can only con- 
tain organisms common to the chalk, although many which 
have perished in the chalk have been preserved in the flint. 
Each of the before-mentioned deposits must have had a date 
and history of its own, and would have, like the region or zone 
of chalk in which it was imbedded, its own peculiar fauna; and 
the impression derived by him from his own investigations was 
