40 
laminated mud ina cave opening against its lateral moraine, and 
this mud buried up some old cave earth, in which are bones of 
elephants, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, hyenas, and man. This 
glacial clay was surmounted by a cave earth, formed after the 
glacier had melted away and left the vailey open but cold, for rein- 
deer bones occur in this layer. Subsequently the face of the cliff 
slowly shed its frost-bitten fragments, and formed a talus of great 
thickness, on the slope of which Neolithic men came and went. 
These, after some 500 years (as measured by the state of formation 
of the talus), the Romano-British (or Brit-Welsh), driven from their 
cities by invaders (Picts or Saxons) lodged in the cave, and left 
their riches on the sunny slope outside; and these are covered by 
the fallen trees of 1,200 years. Add these small sums of historic 
and pre-historic years together ; allow for the period of reindeer life 
in Yorkshire; measure out a time for the glacier’s coming and 
going; and add the many years and ages whilst the great 
Pleistecene animals roamed over the changing scenes, and some 
notion will be gained of the antiquity of man. To allow for the 
last uprise of Snowdon, for its previous subsidence, and still earlier 
and higher elevation, some 200,000 years at least is required, when 
the glacial period came in. If not before this period, certainly 
during some part of the time, whilst England was continuous with 
the Continent, the mammoth and man existed here together; and 
the -many great changes that have occurred since Paleolithic man 
left his implements in lakes, rivers, and caves, have required a large 
proportion of those two thousand centuries. 
Dr. CarPENTER said he rose at the command of the President 
for the purpose of asking the audience to join with him in 
presenting a vote of thanks to the learned lecturer for the admirable 
way in which he had pnt the subject before them. He had told them 
that they were now still living ina stoneage. He (Ir. Carpenter) 
was quite sure that the present time belonged to the neolithic or 
polished stone age, and he was equally certain that it was right to 
accord to him the vote of thanks that was undoubtedly due to him 
for the admirable way in which he had entertained them that 
evening. The almost perfect silence with which his lecture had 
been Jistened to must have told him the interest it awakened, and 
also that the audience would fully understand all that he so plainly 
put before them. He asked them to join with him in a most hearty 
vote of thanks. 
The motion having been seconded by Mr. F. West, was carried 
by acclamation, to which Professor Jonzs briefly replied. 
The Lecture was attended by 78 members, and 409 friends of 
members. 
