69 
destroyed. The section of the tree was taken 85 feet from the ground, 
and showed some eighty rings. A large number of the outer rings 
were undistinguishable from decay, but the tree was probably 120 
years old. A ring for a year is the usual calculation as to the life 
of a tree, and it is a correct one as regards those years in which the 
tree is vigorous and in full growth, but it is not correct as to the 
whole life. It was twenty years since the branches appeared which 
were in section before the audience; but he could only make out 
sixteen rings in the untouched branch, whilst in the other they were 
undistinguishable, although of equal age. It appeared, therefore, 
that the early years of the life of a tree were to be easily made out, 
whilst its later years, as was the case with the Sanderstead fir, if 
interfered with by causes which affect its vigour, may be altered in 
such a way as to prevent accuracy of computation. Atmospheric 
causes might lead to multiplication. An early spring followed by a 
cold summer, and this succeeded by a warm autumn, might develop 
the appearance of two rivgs by the checks to vegetation which are 
produced by frostsin June. In conclusion, Dr. Carpenter remarkek 
that there was scope for microscopical observation both in structures 
of woody matter, in growth of tissue, and in changes which such 
growth produces, well worthy the atttention of the Microscopical 
Society. 
The paper was illustrated by numerous specimens and dia- 
grams, and the following memlers placed their microscopes at Dr. 
Carpenter’s disposal :-—Mr. J. Be.ney, Mr. J. S. Johnson, Mr. H. 
M. Klaassen, Mr. KE. Lovett, Mr. Ki. B. Sturge, and Mr. H. Turner. 
After a short discussion It was proposed by the President and 
seconded by Mr. Turner, and carried unanimously, that a very 
cordial vote of thanks be given to Dr. Carpenter. 
