aii. Proceedings. 
Mr. KiaassEn exhibited under polarized light a thin section 
of granite showing its composition (felspar quartz and mica), 
and the numerous small and large enclosures in its quartz. 
He also explained that microscopical examination proves by 
the large enclosures, which contain liquid carbonic acid, that 
gases condensed to liquid were present at the formation of 
granite, and by the presence of crystals and enclosures that the 
molten granitic mass cooled, slowly and under great pressure, at 
considerable depth in the earth, where contained gases could 
not expand. Modern investigation has taken away from 
granite its old title, “ the first formed,” the primitive rock upon 
which the aqueous and volcanic rocks were afterwards super- 
imposed. It is easily conceived, that besides having an 
upward effect, subterranean heat may extend its influence 
downwards from the crater of every active volcano to a great 
depth, so that the volcanic rock, the rock formed by heat above, 
and the plutonic rock, formed by heat below, each different in 
texture and sometimes in composition, may now, as in olden 
time, originate simultaneously. 
The following other objects were exhibited :—J. H. Baldock, 
coal sections; A. H. Baldock and A. J. Baldock, collection of 
fossils from the chalk and gault, Dover and Folkestone ; 
W.H. Beeby, the licerta; J. W. Chisholm, fossils from Cassel 
and shells from Dunkirk; J. S. Johnson, Haliomma, Radio- 
larian; S. W. Lambert, wasps’ nest; E. Lovett, air vessel of 
cockchafer, Lepidodendron and specimens of the rocks of 
Jersey; K. McKean, Planorbis marginatus, Limnceus pereger, 
Helix rotundata; H. R. Owen, leaf from South Africa; S. 
Palmer, red garden spider; A. D. Taylor, eggs of moth; E. B. 
Sturge, fungi; H. Turner, shells from Woolwich beds ; J. W. 
Wallis, fossils from Blue Lias, Lyme Regis. 
Ordinary Meeting, Oct. 15th, 1879. 
Joun Frower, M.A., F.Z.S., President, in the Chair. 
The PresipENT announced that the soiree of the Tower Hill 
Microscopical Club was fixed for November 6th. 
Mr. W. J. Nation read a paper on ‘“ Wood Sections,” 
which was followed by an interesting discussion, in which the 
President, Mr. Cooper, Mr. Klaassen, Mr. P. Crowley, Mr. 
Berney, Mr. Turner, and Mr. Sturge took part. 
Mr. R. G. Rice exhibited a small flint implement, about 
four inches in length, found by him, on the surface of the 
ground, near the Warehousemen and Clerks’ Schools, Russell 
Hill. 
