1 88 Mr. A. B. Farn. 



I took other specimens. My first season at Horning I 

 captured upwards of 300 species, which number I could readily 

 have increased, but at that time I was more interested in the 

 Macrolepidoptera, than in the smaller species. I may mention 

 that on the meadow-sweet the beautiful larvae of Saturnia 

 Carpiiii, the Emperor moth, is common, and that I have never 

 found it elsewhere on this plant. If any of my auditors here 

 should be induced to try the Norfolk Marshes and Broads. I 

 would caution them on the matter of the morass. It is 

 awkward walking in very many places, and positively 

 dangerous in some ; there are many parts inaccessible. It is 

 a curious feeling, walking over a place which rises and falls 

 with your every step, and you can see a very large space 

 rising and falling as you progress. In fact you are walking 

 over a mass of vegetation, floating over liquid mud, and are 

 upheld solely by the entangled roots. Once break through 

 them, and you would rapidly disappear. 



40.— The Fauna of Spain. 

 By Howard Saunders, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. 

 [Read i^th November, 1883.] 

 In commencmg my short paper upon the fauna of Spain, it 

 is desirable to make a few remarks upon the natural features 

 of that country. Owing to the fact that the majority of tourists 

 confine their visits to Andalucia, and other southern provinces, 

 or to the fertile belt which runs along the east coast of the 

 Peninsula, somewhat erroneous ideas are often formed as to 

 the remaining and far larger portion of the country. In the 

 south and east, irrigation, and the warmth of a sheltered 

 situation on the shores of the Mediterranean, allow of the 

 cultivation of the date-palm, the sugar cane, cotton, and other 

 plants associated with warm climates, but all of them intro- 

 duced by man ; and the confusion of ideas as to the natural 

 products of Spain is increased by the presence, in the south, 

 of hedges of cactus and the tall-stemmed aloe, both of which 

 are frequently termed " so thoroughly oriental," the speaker or 

 writer forgetting that these plants are essentially natives of 

 tropical America. But fertile as the soil of Spain can prove itself, 

 it is essential to remember that the greater part of this compact 

 peninsula is a lofty table-land divided into sections by somewhat 

 symmetrical ranges of mountains, and furrowed, rather than 

 intersected, by rivers, few of which unfortunately are navigable. 

 The fatal interference of man has stripped the once-e.\isting 

 forests from hill and mountain, thus laying open the slopes to be 



