I go 



Mr. H. Saunders. 



young female Ibex. The distribution of the latter member of 

 the Goat family is somewhat interesting. The Pyrenean Ibex, 

 which is recognisably different from the Alpine form, is found 

 down to the Guadarrama and the extensions of that range 

 which are known as the Sierra de Avila, Sierra de Gatos, and 

 the Sierra da Estrelha, in Portugal. There this species ends ; 

 and in the mountains of Andalucia, especially in the Sierra 

 Nevada, we meet with a form {Capra hispanica), which differs 

 sufficiently in the shape of its horns to be considered a distinct 

 species, or sub-species ; remains of this latter form are found 

 in the bone-caves of Gibraltar. Of the Mouflon (Ovis 

 mnsiraon), of Sardinia and Corsica, represented in the Atlas 

 by O. tragelaphus, there is no trace in Spain. 



The Lynx which is found (although nearly extinct) in the 

 Pyrenees, is the same as that of Northern Europe ; but in 

 Andalucia a well marked and quite distinct species is found, 

 F. pardina. The Wild Cat is generally distributed throughout 

 the forests, down to the extreme South. Wolves are still to 

 be found all over the country, even in places where it is 

 wonderful how they can find a living. They are not often 

 seen, but a sharp spell of severe weather soon betrays their 

 existence. Except when driving the country for them, I have 

 never seen but one. The long snouted Genet {Genetta 

 vulgaris) is also generally distributed, both in Spain and 

 Southern France. There is, however, a very interesting 

 Ichneumon found in Spain, but no where else in Europe, 

 namely, Herpestcs Widdringtoni, a species closely allied to, if 

 indeed distinct from Herpcstes ichncuDwn of North Africa ; 

 and so far as I know, the Guadarrama and its ramifications 

 form the Northern frontier of its distribution. 



The brown bear {Ursus Arctos) is only found occasionally on 

 the French side of the Pyrenees, but on the Spanish side it is 

 far less rare, and its present range extends throughout the 

 Cantabrian Mountains. Three centuries ago, before the great 

 forests had been cut down, it ranged as far south as the 

 Guadaramma and Madrid, for the old books of venerie, 

 published in the capital, state that the woods afforded excellent 

 cover for " puerco y oso " (wild boar and bear), and the arms 

 of that city are a bear climbing a " madrono," or wild straw- 

 berry tree. But beyond the Guadaramma Mountains there is 

 no record of the existence of the bear, certainly none in the 

 Sierra Nevada during the domination of the Moors, who were 

 great sportsmen, nor does there seem to be any trustworthy 

 evidence of its asserted presence in the Mauritanian Atlas 

 within historic times. The Jurassic limestone caves of 

 Gibraltar have, it is true, afforded remains of Ursus Arctos, 



