72 Mr. W. F. Stanley on the. Evolution of the 



form of the body in the two sexes. Absence of hair 

 on the body. 

 Limbs. — Shorter arms. More opposable thumb. Greater 

 difference in the length and size of the fingers. Longer 

 legs. Shorter feet. Shorter toes ; the first toe gene- 

 rally longer than second toe, formerly the reverse. 



The earliest records of the human form, by fairly correct 

 drawing or sculpture of the most civilized nations, are the 

 Egyptian, both of themselves and of surrounding nations, and 

 then the Abyssinian, after which follows the more perfect work 

 of the Greek artists. The Egyptian and Abyssinian depicted 

 forms are nearly all in profile. They were possibly first drawn 

 from the shadow. It is for this reason possibly we find very 

 correct and recognizable profile types of the Arab, Jew, and 

 Negro ; but in these drawings the eyes are placed flat on the 

 profile and out of perspective ; on the other hand the ears are 

 correctly drawn, being possibly traced round an amputated 

 ear. 



The notes I have made are principally on original works and 

 copies in the British Museum and Crystal Palace. In the latter 

 buildings we have possibly the finest collection in the world of 

 models taken directly from the antique. In these we may 

 observe : — 



The Head. — In the Egyptian, Arabian and Persian figures, 

 drawn in relief upon the walls of tombs, as at Memnonium, 

 Thebes, B.C. 1200, of which we have a model at the Crystal 

 Palace, we find the foreheads all very low ; the ear is also large 

 and much more forward than its modern position ; the facial 

 angle is also lower than in the modern civilized man, and it is 

 well known that this angle has increased within quite recent 

 times, but as this angle depends partly on the projection of the 

 jaws, it should rather be taken in relation to the vertical than 

 the facial angle, as a mark of progressive development. 



Heads of Jews, Memnonium, Thebes, B.C. 12G0 ; showing low facial 

 angle. (Crystal Palace). 



In skulls of Egyptian mummies the internal capacity is_ a 

 mean of about 52 cubic inches, and smaller internal capacity 

 holds in antique skulls generally, wherever found. In modern 



