Proceedings. cxix 
ornaments, knives, fragments of pottery and glass, and bones of 
various animals. The foundations of a small temple have also 
been discovered close by. From the fact that the walls of the 
adjacent church of Darenth contain many Roman tiles, it is 
supposed that the materials from the ruins of the villa were used 
in the construction of this edifice. Among the plants found on 
this excursion were Alisma plantago, Butomus umbellatus, Potamo- 
geton densus, P. perfoliatus, Veronica anagallis, Mercurialis annua, 
(Enanthe crocata, Helosciadium nodiflorum (very large specimens). 
Some successful photographs were also taken, and are of great 
interest. 
July 18th.—General excursion to Oxted, conducted by the 
President. This was attended by six members, who first visited 
the sand-pit at Oxted, walking up the hill to the lime works in 
the Lower Chalk, where some fossils were obtained from one of 
the workmen, among these being Holaster subglobosus, Discoidea 
cylindrica, teeth of Lamna, Ptychodus, and Notidanus microdon. 
The party then walked up the hill and along the ridge, returning 
to Croydon from Woldingham Station. The plants found were 
Pimpinella magna, belladonna (very plentiful near the lime 
_ works), -Z'rifolium arvense, Chlora perfoliata, bullace in fruit, 
Epilobium angustifolium. 
July 25th.—Half-day photographic excursion to Horley, con- 
_ ducted by Mr. Roods. 5 
August 4th.—Fifteen members and friends of this Club made 
an excursion to Chilworth, under the direction of Mr. Edward 
Lovett. Through the introduction of Mr. Don, a member of 
the Society, the party was shown over the gunpowder and 
cordite works by Captain Bouvier, who met them at Chilworth 
Station, and entertained them at his house. The first depart- 
ment of the factory visited was that for testing the strength of 
the powder as shown by the velocity of the projectile discharged. 
The method is as follows :—In a small shed is a steel framework 
for carrying the gun to be used (and any kind of gun can be 
used); at a distance of fifty metres is a small target. The gun 
and the target are connected with magnetic instruments situated 
in an office to the rear of the testing range. The instrument in this 
office consists of two magnets,—one holding up a long bar coated 
with a soft leaden case, the other supporting a short bar acting 
upon a spring knife. The former is connected with the muzzle 
of the gun, and the latter with the target. The modus operandi is 
as follows :—The gun is loaded with a cartridge the powder of 
which is to be tested, the electric current is applied, and the two 
bars suspended to the magnets. The wire of the long bar is fixed 
