208 Dr. H. F. Parsons, Geological Notes on a 
is at an angle of about 66° to Mr. Klaassen’s section, the course 
of which is from north-north-east to south-south-west. 
The level of the surface of the ground at the junction of Park 
Hill Rise with Addiscombe Road is 220 ft.0.D. From a section, 
for the use of which I am indebted to Mr. Thos. Walker, C.E., 
borough engineer, I find that at the junction of Chepstow Road 
the surface level is 238 ft. 6 in., the gradient up to this point 
being a nearly uniform one of 1 in 40. Shortly beyond Chep- 
stow Road the hill becomes steeper, and at the junction of 
Chichester Road the level of the road surface is 274 ft. O.D., 
the average gradient between the Chepstow and Chichester Roads 
being 1 in 24. 
The beds exposed in laying the new sewer in Park Hill Rise 
commence with the London Clay (the highest in geological 
order, though met with, owing to the dip of the strata, only in 
' the lower part of the Rise), and they end about the middle of 
the Woolwich and Reading series; whereas Mr. Klaassen’s 
section embraces the strata from the Oldhaven beds (now re- 
named Blackheath beds by the Geological Survey) to the chalk. 
The former section therefore occupies a higher geological position 
than the latter, and the reason for this is two-fold: first, that 
the sewer trench is not so deep as the railway-cutting; and, 
second, that it lies more to the north-west, the direction in 
which the strata dip, and was not carried so far to the south 
or south-east, the direction in which they crop out on the surface. 
The new sewer was laid at a depth varying from 9 to 12 ft., 
the depth of the previous one having been from 6 to 10 ft. The 
excavations were dug partly in the ‘“‘ made ground” of the old 
sewer trench, but being wider and deeper, they extended into 
the virgin soil at the side and bottom. They consisted of a 
series of shafts, each about 12 ft. long, connected by short 
tunnels of equal length. The sides were timbered, and the 
excavations were filled in successively as soon as the new sewer 
had been laid. This mode of operation did not give so clear and 
connected a view of the strata as did the open sides of the railway 
cutting, and I cannot pretend to describe the geological features 
with the same minute and careful detail as Mr. Klaassen. 
In the different excavations the road metal and “hard core” 
were from 6 to 18 inches in thickness, beneath which was in most 
places a variable amount of ‘made ground,” thickest a little 
below the Chepstow Road, where a hollow in the natural surface 
appears to have been filled up, and, again, higher up the hill, in 
the site of a former brickfield. 
A. London Clay.—At the junction of Park Hill Rise with the 
Addiscombe Road the London Clay was reached at a depth of 
18 in., and had a thickness of about 9 ft. to its base. At the 
top it was very stiff, and of a uniform yellow brown colour, but 
