Notes on the Gravels of Croydon and its Neighbourhood. 219 
certain Silurian rocks of the Llandeilo series, viz. mudstones, 
then the chert bearing radiolaria, and higher up black shale 
containing graptolites. The specimens exhibited were submitted 
to Dr. Hinde, who examined and classified the radiolaria of the 
- South of Scotland chert, and is therefore the leading authority 
on the subject. He finds that they contain radiolaria. - Dr. 
Hinde’s paper entitled ‘‘ Notes on Radiolaria from the Lower 
Palwozoic Rocks (Llandeilo-Caradoc) of the South of Scotland” * 
was shown, together with a microscopical section, also belonging 
to Dr. Hinde, showing radiolaria from Broughton, in Peeble- 
shire, about fifteen or eighteen miles in a northerly direction 
from Crawford. 
The mining villages of Leadhills and Wanlochhead lie a few 
miles from Crawford, and a collection of lead ore (galena), heavy 
spar (sulphate of barium), nodular pyrites, calcite, carbonate of 
copper, &c., from Leadhills was shown. 
Alluvial gold is found in these distriets, and at one time was 
extensively worked. In 1578 the Scottish Government granted 
a concession to an Englishman, Bevis Bulmer, to work the 
gold-mines in Scotland, and he had as many as three hundred 
men engaged in obtaining it near Leadhills. In three years he 
washed out gold to the value of £100,000 in this district. 
132.—NorEs on THE GRAVELS OF CROYDON AND ITS 
NEIGHBOURHOOD. 
By Grorce Jennincs Hinpe, Ph.D., F.R.S. 
(Read November 17th, 1896.) + 
A consmeraste portion of the town of Croydon is built on a 
deposit of gravel which forms part of a wide sheet extending 
to the north over the flat areas of Waddon, Beddington, and 
Mitcham, and, with a more contracted course, along the valley 
of the Wandle to the Thames at Wandsworth. To the south of 
Croydon the same gravel occupies the valley of the Brighton 
Road, Smitham Bottom, the lower portions of the Caterham 
Valley and of the other valleys from the south and south-west 
which open into Smitham Bottom at the Red Lion Green, 
Coulsdon, just below the Cane Hill Asylum. No detailed notice 
of these gravels appears to have been published, and as near 
Croydon they are in process of being further covered up by 
Pe ee eee ee ee ee 
* «Annals and Magazine of Natural History’ for July, 1890. 
+ Subsequently revised and added to.—G. J. H., March, 1897. 
