Gravels of Croydon and its Neighbourhood. 229 
the depth of the gravel in the bottom of the valley at Old Town, 
where the levels are 139-150 ft., but in the Corporation wells in 
Surrey Street 11 ft. of gravel and sand were passed through. On the 
west side of the valley, gravels are present on the slopes of Duppas 
Hill, at about the same level as the upper terrace on the east side. 
In the wide flat areas to the west and north-west of Croydon 
similar gravels are met with. At the Croydon Gas Works, 
Waddon Marsh Lane, they are 7 ft. in thickness, and at the 
New Cemetery, by the site of the Mitcham Road, the drainage 
trenches showed, above, 2ft. of cultivated soil and light-coloured 
sandy loam, and, below this, 7 ft. of coarse gravel resting on dark 
blue London Clay. The gravels mainly consisted of slightly worn 
flints, some 8 in. in diameter, and flint-pebbles. Thin beds of 
light-coloured sand are in places intercalated in the gravel. 
From the surface of Mitcham’ Common the gravels have now 
been almost entirely removed, but more to the north they 
underlie Mitcham itself, and they have been extensively worked 
in pits between the railway-station and the church. The section 
in the railway pit, at a level of 60 ft. above O.D., shows above: 
1 ft. to 1ft. 6in. of cultivated sandy soil, and below this from 
7 to 10 ft. of partially stratified gravels with impersistent layers 
of shingle and sand 6 in. to 1 ft. in thickness. These beds rest 
on London Clay. The gravel is composed chiefly of blunted 
subangular flints, not of large size, with green-coated flints, 
flint fragments, and Tertiary flint-pebbles. The sand is light 
coloured, with green glauconite grains, and with small calcareous 
pellets, probably Foraminifera, washed from the chalk. In the 
larger proportion of sand and in the stratification of the beds, 
the gravels contrast with those of higher levels nearer Croydon. 
Both chert and iron sandstone are apparently absent. 
- In 1889 some mammalian remains were discovered in these 
pits, which were subsequently presented to the British Museum 
by the railway company, through Mr. Perry. Mr. A. Smith 
Woodward, F.G.S., has kindly supplied me with the following 
report on these remains * : 
“1, Elephas primigenius. One shaft of femur and some 
fragments of tusk. 
“9, Rhinoceros sp. Two fragments of teeth. 
“3, Equus caballus.. Portion of mandible, cannon bone, &c., 
of moderate size. 
“4, Rangifer tarandus. Imperfect antler fixed to portion of 
frontal bone, of the large variety usual in the Thames valley. 
* Since this paper was sent to press, Mr. Baldwin Latham, C.E., F.G.S., 
has informed me that several years since elephant’s tusks were found in a 
sewer trench in the road to Morden, about a quarter of a mile from the 
river Wandle, at-a point about-north-east of the Morden Rectory. The tusks 
were embedded in a pocket of wet sandy loam overlying the London Clay. 
