XXiv Proceedings. 
weald valley from different points of vantage, at heights of 
700 ft. and upwards. The gravel-pit on Willey Farm was next 
visited, and the geological members were favoured by Mr. 
Whitaker with an explanation of the sections exposed of the 
Upper Chalk, with several interesting sand-pipes. The walk 
was extended, after a long and steep descent of the chalk 
escarpment, across the intervening valley to White Hill (700 ft.), 
a cliff composed of Upper Greensand beds, which, gleaming white 
in the sunshine, forms a conspicuous object in the landscape. 
The large Roman snail, Helia pomatia, abounds here, with other * 
scarce molluscs; but, owing to the long continued dry weather, 
few examples were met with. 
‘*A couple of miles farther by hill, dale, and road, and the 
descent was made by the pretty little Hare Valley into Caterham, 
where tea at the comfortable ‘ Railway Hotel’ refreshed the tired 
pedestrians before the return journey to Croydon.” 
11th. August 7th (Bank Holiday).—To Leith Hill. Conducted 
by Mr. Townend. 
12th. September 16th.— A Fungus Hunt. Conducted by Dr. 
Franklin Parsons. 
‘‘ A fungus-hunt was made at Shirley Hills, under the guidance 
of Dr. Parsons, but with somewhat indifferent success, owing to 
the dryness of the season. About a dozen kinds were found, and 
were exhibited at the meeting on Sept. 19th.” 
Eveninec Mezetines. 
February 21st, 1899.—The paper of the evening was ‘‘On the 
Commons near Croydon, and their Flora,” by Dr. H. F. Parsons. 
(See Trans., art. 144.) 
March 21st.—At this meeting Mr. Edward Lovett delivered 
an address on ‘‘ Primeval Commerce and the Evolution of 
Coinage.” 
Mr. Lovett began by saying that man had always been an 
acquisitive animal, and that decided evidence of commercial 
barter had been found in relics of the Stone age. Certain stone 
of great value for implements was undoubtedly traded with early 
races who desired to obtain that stone, much in the same way 
that certain South Pacific islanders even now barter the special 
kind of shell fish-hooks they manufacture with the natives of 
other islands. As civilization advanced this commerce by simple 
barter became very troublesome, and so we find that certain 
articles became standards of value by which other productions 
were assessed, so to speak. These standards then became 
symbolized, as we find in the slabs of metal bearing the effigy of 
