54 Dr. H. Franklin Parsons on the 
but these have now disappeared, either through extinction or 
possibly through the part where they grow having been enclosed. 
There is wet boggy ground near the Ravensbourne, a little beyond 
the present limits of the common. 
Of aquatics found in the ponds already mentioned the follow- 
ing may be named, viz. Ranunculus peltatus, Nasturtium palustre. 
Callitriche stagnalis, Peplis Portula, Veronica Beccabunga, Poly- 
gonum Hydropiper, Lemna minor, Alisma Plantago, Alopecurus 
fulvus (?), and Glyceria fluitans. 
On the dry sandy ground by the roadsides among the short 
turf grow a number of dwarf annual plants, which flower early 
in the year, and have ripened their seed and completed their life- 
history before the ground is parched up by the drought of sum- 
mer ; such are Erophila vulgaris, Sisymbrium thalianum, Cerastium 
quaternellum, Buda rubra, Trigonella purpurascens, several species 
of Trifolium, as glomeratum and striatum, Ornithopus perpusillus, 
Myosotis collina, Scleranthus annuus, and -lira caryophyllea and 
precox. Potentilla argentea and Plantago Coronopus are other 
plants of sandy ground. 
The numerous plants characteristic of chalky soils are, on the 
other hand, for the most part conspicuous by their absence. A 
few, as the rock-rose and Bromus erectus, are found in the dry 
turf of an old overgrown gravel-pit opposite Cooper’s Cottages ; 
Geranium lucidum and Salvia Verbenaca on banks on the N. bor- 
der of the common, and the squat thistle (Cnicus acaulis) near 
Coney Hall. 
Among denizens, or plants found chiefly in the neighbourhood 
of habitations, and probably introduced by human agency, though 
now well established, may be mentioned the celandine (Cheli- 
donium majus), the sweet violet, Geranium pyrenaicum, the gout- 
weed, and the hop. Other plants, no doubt introduced, are the 
dame’s violet (Hesperis matronalis), the horse-radish, Saponaria 
officinalis, and Claytonia perfoliata. 
Colonists, or weeds of cultivated ground, differ from denizens 
chiefly in their annual habit of growth. These are found most 
plentifully on the rubbish-heaps in the gravel-pits. Among 
them may be mentioned the poppies, the fumitory (fumaria 
officinalis), Erysimum cheiranthoides, Coronopus Ruelliit, Thlaspi 
arvense, Anthriscus vulgaris, Aithusa Cynapium, Matricaria Chamo- 
milla, the red pimpernel, Solanum nigrum, several species of 
Chenopodium and Atriplex, and Urtica urens. The rubbish-heaps 
also yield a number of ‘ casuals,”’ 7. ¢. plants accidentally intro- 
duced, but which have not established themselves as permanent 
residents. These are very uncertain in their appearance; they 
are represented by single or few individuals, and have often dis- 
appeared by the next year. As examples of plants which in this 
locality can only be regarded as casuals, I may name Saponarta 
