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Flora of the Eastern Border of Dartmoor. 61 
About 275 species of flowering plants were observed, the 
greater number occurring in the pastures, hedge-banks, and 
cultivated ground. On the moorland proper the number of species 
of plants is small, though some species occur in great abund- 
ance. The two common species of heath and the ling—all three 
occasionally found with white flowers—the whortleberry, bearing 
abundant fruit, the gorse, bracken, tormentil, and a few species 
of grass, especially Agrostis canina, almost make up the vegeta- 
tion. In the wet places the bog-pimpernel, the ivy-leaved cam- 
panula, the bog-asphodel, bog St. John’s wort, and round-leaved 
sundew are plentiful. 
Devonshire is noted for its hollow lanes, with steep fern-clad 
banks. In the region I am speaking of the banks of the lanes 
and hedges are strengthened by large blocks of granite, and at 
the time of my visit were gay with flowers, especially the fox- 
glove, the navel-wort, the sheepsbit, the knapweed, Lychnis 
dioica, Sedum anglicum, Lotus major, and Galiwm Mollugo. The 
foxglove has the local name of ‘ curflops,” a name which seems 
to have reference to the flowers drooping to one side, as the 
sam ename ‘‘ curflops”’ is also given to the black or Tartary oat, 
with its close secund panicle; the white oat, with its loose 
spreading panicle, being called ‘‘sparvel.’”’ The navel-wort 
(Cotyledon umbilicus) is locally called ‘‘ penny pies.” This plant, 
with its tuberous root, fleshy trumpet-shaped leaves, and long 
spike of greenish white flowers, is a characteristic feature of the 
West Country flora; it is very common in the south-west 
counties of England, and in Wales; but in the east of England 
the only place where I have seen it is on the walls of a ruined 
castle in Lincolnshire, where it was no doubt introduced. At 
Croydon I have never succeeded in getting it to live through the 
winter. At Manaton it was everywhere abundant on banks, 
rocks, walls, trees and roofs. 
The sheepsbit (Jastone montana), resembling a small bright 
blue scabious, is abundant, as in most parts of Devonshire. It 
is not common about Croydon, though this year I have found it 
in some abundance on the railway banks between West Wickham 
Station’ and Hayes. Of the knapweed (Centaurea nigra) the 
rayless form—the form found about Croydon—was the prevailing 
one on the high ground and granite soil. On the low ground 
and calcareous soil, at Bovey Tracey and Torquay, the rayed 
_ form was the usual one, as in the West of England generally. 
In the cornfields Silene anglica and Spergula arvensis were 
_ among the most abundant weeds. Chrysanthemum segetum, a 
_ plant abundant in some western counties in cornfields on light 
soil, was not seen. 
It was curious to note the absence or scarcity of some of the 
_ plants most abundant about Croydon. Of course, on a granite 
