Jade or Nephrite. 37 
so cleverly made that it will only stand upright, and cannot be 
upset. A green jade cup and saucer have the monogram of the 
Emperor Kien Lung, dating about 1740 a.p. There are several 
dress-fasteners and ornaments and some charms, some of them 
finely carved. One has characters on it meaning “ good luck,” 
“ prosperity,’’ and ‘‘ long life,’’ and is in the shape of a Chinese 
coin. An unfinished spill-box has the interior only just roughly 
worked out, and shows how the Chinese bore out some of the 
specimens. A copper cylinder has been made to rotate quickly 
with wet sand in the hollow. This leaves a core which is broken 
off; the stump of the core can be seen. Most of these specimens 
have been brought from Pekin recently. 
Chinese jade varies in colour from dark green to light apple- 
green, greenish grey, grey and white. New Zealand jade is dark 
green and semi-transparent. 
There has been great confusion between jade, jadeite, and 
similar minerals; but some years ago a French chemist, M. 
Damour, published analyses which set the matter at rest. The 
analysis of white Oriental jade from China is given as follows:— 
Per cent. 
Silica ... rit ish ode 57°60 
Magnesia a 2 cee 25°61 
Ferrous oxide ... a Aue 00-66 
Lime ... mee te He 12-68 
Alumina ue a ae: 00:25 
Water, &e. ah Me fh 2°74 
99°54 
Specific gravity, 0-H per cent. 
Green jade from New Zealand; analysis as follows:— 
Per cent. 
Silica ... or 44 =H 51-70 
Magnesia sit ih ts 23°50 
Ferrous oxide ... Ash fas 7°62 
Thimremn .2 ae a or 13:09 
Alumina pre cia Si 00:65 
Water, &ec. gf ny ere 2°42 
98-99 
Specific gravity, 3°015 per cent. 
Thus containing less silica and magnesia than Chinese jade, 
but a considerable amount of ferrous oxide, to which its colour 
is due. 
Jadeite, as distinguished from true jade, contains a large 
