38 H. C. Collyer on 
amount of alumina and soda, which take the place of magnesia 
and lime in the true jade, as the following analysis of a jadeite 
celt from Brittany will show :— 
ANALYSIS OF JADEITE CELT FROM Brirrany. 
Per cent. 
Silica ... ae bs oe 58°62 
Magnesia was i vet 2°23 
Ferrous oxide ... oh ies 1:86 
Lime ... Be: ae we 3°85 
Soda ... me ay Bes 11:64 
Alumina 213 ae a PAY hy 
99:97 
Specific gravity, 3°344 per cent. 
‘* Saussurite,”’ the form of jadeite from which many of the 
celts from the Swiss lake-dwellings are made, contains a much 
larger percentage of lime than other jadeite, but less soda. 
Specific gravity is the simplest test by which to distinguish 
jade from jadeite ; the latter being much heavier. And, again, 
jasper, which sometimes resembles green jade, is a great deal 
lighter, having only a specific gravity of 2°6. 
In New Zealand is found a green mineral resembling jade, but 
more transparent, softer, and having a laminated structure, which 
is a green variety of hornblende. Imitation Maori pendants are 
made of it, and passed as jade. One or two specimens are 
shown, and a piece of the crude mineral; also a piece of crude 
green jade. 
When jade was first brought to Europe by the Spaniards, it 
was believed to be a specific against disease of the kidneys, and 
was called by them “ Piedra di Hijada,” or kidney-stone; thus 
the origin of the name jade, and nephrite also means the same 
thing. 
Chinese jade is found among the mountains of Western China, 
in the province of Yunan, but the Chinese obtain their larger 
supply from Central Asia, from quarries in Turkestan, Yarkand, 
and Khotan, which have been worked for about two thousand 
years. Jade is also found in Burmah and in Siberia. 
Axes of jadeite and jade occur very frequently on the Pacific 
coast of North America. But the only pieces in its natural state 
yet found have been two small boulders in the Frazer River ; 
and one of these had been partly sawn into shape by means of a 
thong of leather worked to and fro in wet sand. The stone had 
been worked from opposite sides, and when the cuts were suftici- 
ently deep, the medial ridge was broken. 
Dr. Schliemann found at Hissarlik, the site of Troy, in the 
