Blowing wells 
at Northaller- 
ton. 
Journal 
Royal Agri- 
cultural 
Society. 
Gales 
necessary for 
breaking of 
Bourne flows. 
Experience of 
present 
Bourne. 
Braithwaite’s 
paper on 
River Wandle. 
32 
also since been confirmed by the experiments which 
have been made at the blowing wells at Northallerton, 
from which with a falling barometer there is a distinct 
outflow of air from the well, while with a rise of the 
barometer there was a distinct inflow of air into the well. 
In the fifteenth volume of the Journal of the Royal 
Agricultural Society, page 416, there is a paper on 
‘* Farming in Dorsetshire,’ by Mr. Louis H. Ruegg, 
which contains a quotation from Mr. John Baveystock 
Knight, of West Lodge, Piddleton, where it is stated 
that: ‘‘ A curious fact in relation to the annual bursting 
of these springs (winter Bournes) is, that their breaking 
as it is termed is always accompanied with strong gales 
of wind generally from the south-west with rain, but 
without a strong gale they never break however wet 
the season.” 
It should be observed that the present Bourne at 
Croydon rose last November when the barometer was 
rising and the wind was W. and W.N.W., so that it is 
not essential that in order to produce a Bourne flow 
there should be a falling barometer or that the wind 
should be 8. W. 
In January and February, 1861, a paper by Frederick 
Braithwaite, M.Inst.C.E., on the River Wandle, was 
read and discussed at the Institution of Civil Engineers, 
being the result of a survey “‘ made early in the spring 
of the year 1853.” It is also stated in the paper that 
‘when the springs at Marden Park have flowed about 
thirty days in the direction of Croydon they commenced 
flowing in the direction of West Wickham in Kent,” and 
that there is ‘“‘ evidence that the Bourne ran during two 
entire years, in 1841 and 1842 a period of great rain.” 
At the time this paper was read a Bourne was flowing 
at Croydon. 
