48 
Gleanings from the Wiltshire Domesday. 
times. The owner is there called Gosrripus Marescat, 
z.e. Geoffrey the Marshal. The estate was held by the 
Cernes and their predecessors, the family of Venoir, by 
the service of supplying “the third rod of marshalsea in 
the king’s household,” by which is meant perhaps the 
supplying one of the vergers or wand-bears to attend on 
the marshall; the “third rod’s” post, acrording to the 
Testa de Nevil, p. 147, beng ad ostium coguine at “ the 
door of the king’s kitchen.” Aubrey 229. It has been 
commonly thought that “the fetter-lock,” which was used 
by the Long family, who became in the 15th century the 
owners of Draycot, was symbolical of this tenure, but 
reasons are given inan Article in a recent number of 
Notes and Queries (May 20th, 1871,) for doubting the 
correctness of this opinion, and for believing that it was an 
emblem of the honourable office that for some time before 
they had held, in virtue of an estate at Wraxall which was 
appurtenant to it, as Bailiffs of the Hundred of Bradford. 
Frrrevton ;—this place in Domesday Book is called Vrrerzronn, 
(W. Domesd., 118) and the owner in the days of the Con- 
fessor was VITEL, a name which looks like Vitellius “ writ 
short,” as though people then as now were fond of borrow- 
ing names from those of great people. It is no stretch of 
imagination, I hope, to believe, that from this early owner, 
or some namesake, came the name of the manor, which 
means simply V%tel’s town (or village). 
Harpenuuisu ; — this place, which is close to Chippenham, 
‘ belonged according to the Domesday Record, to Ernulf 
de Hesding (W. Domesd. 78). This word, which was 
sometimes spelt Harden-hewishe (Inq. p. m., 43 Hen. IIT), 
I conceive means literally “ Harding’s estate.”1 The 
1In a charter of Aithelwulf of the date 854 (Cod. Dipl. 270) we have the 
grant of one cassate at a place called Heregeardingc—-hiwisce, which can cer- 
tainly only mean the ‘estate of Harding,” or possibly of the clan so called, 
as the word itself, a very common one, was originally no doubt a patronymic. 
See Leo on ‘‘ Anglo-Saxon Names” (translated by bere p. 35. Kemble’s 
‘¢ Saxons in England,” i., 469. 
