54 Gleanings from the Wiltshire Domesdag. 
tells us is derived from the German, where in the old 
dialects Marah-scale meant a farrier, from marah, a mare, 
and scale, a servant. The care of the royal stables, 
whether in person or deputy, would seem to have been the 
duty of the Marescallus at the time of Domesday. 
Payne ;—this may be the modern form of the name Pagen, which 
was that of the Domesday tenant of Conronr (Compton 
Basset). W. Domesd. 85. 
Pincuin ;—this, not uncommon name in the neighbourhood of 
Bradford, may possibly have a Norman origin. It would 
easily be derived from that of Richard Pwingiant, 1.e. 
literally, the “ fighting ”’ or “ valiant.” 
PINKNEY ;—in this case without doubt, this very well-known name 
is derived from that of William de Pinchengi, who held a 
small portion of what is im Domesday called Srocue 
(=Bradenstoke). W. Domesd. 233. See a few pages 
below under TockenHam PINKNEY. 
Spencer ;—Robert “ Dispensator,” i.e. the “ Steward,” is reeorded 
as interested in lands at DecnementonE (Ditchampton) 
W.Domesd.184, This officer corresponded with the Anglo- 
Saxon “ Stiweard,” who had the care and distribution of the 
provisions,—in short was the manager of the household 
expenses. Hence in the Latin of the early ages he was 
called a dispensator. From this came the names Le Des- 
pencer, and Spencer, 
(2) Names of Places. 
These are not numerous, and the examples we have chiefly consist 
of those, in which we have the name of the Norman owner, or tenant, 
added to the original English name. 
Asuton GrrrorpD ;—this is a tithing in the parish of Codford St. 
Peter. It is accounted for in Domesday Book under Cors- 
ForD (W. Domesd. pp. 117, 210), an estate which in the 
eleventh century belonged to Osbern Gifard, from whose 
family it derives its distinctive appellation. 
