86 



INJURIOUS INSECTS OF 1904. 



them, and cross pieces at the bottom, so arranged that the nozzle at 

 each end of each cross piece points up at an angle of 45 degrees. This 

 spacing, with that between the nozzles on the upper pipe, results in a 

 copious spray coming both from above on the tops of the trees, and 

 from below against the lower surface of the leaves, the latter being a 

 very important feature. In actual practice the trees are completely 

 surrounded by a fine spray, so that insects, whether they be upon the 

 upper surface of leaf or twig, or the lower surface, or whether, dis- 

 turbed by the spraying, they seek to fly away, are sure to be caught 

 by the deadly mist. A glance at Fig. 85 will enable one to appreciate 

 these details. In this drawing the two pumps, which, as intimated 



Fig 



85. — Details of Spraying Outfit. 



above, were intended to be used with kerosene emulsion, are shown, 

 and the two pieces of hose running from each to the horizontals. 

 The double hose from one pump can be joined to either one of the 

 horizontals, or to both, or the four pieces of hose from the two pumps 

 can be so connected with the horizontals that the working of both 

 pumps will contribute to the force in both pipes, and, therefore, in all 

 the twelve nozzles. This latter arrangement seemed at first necessary, 

 for we supposed that both pumps would be required to make all the 

 nozzles do effective work. As a matter of fact, when emulsion was 

 used, one pump worked by one man was all that was necessary 

 to bring good results at the nozzles. The two pumps used with kero- 

 sene emulsion were both "Simplex" pumps and answered the purpose 

 perfectly. It is evident that such an outfit could be used with any 



