114 INJURIOUS INSECTS OF 1904. 



vicinity of an apple orchard, nor should apple or other orchards 

 be planted near a forest or wooded area, since not only does the Plum 

 Curculio like to winter in wooded tracts, but many of our other 

 orchard pests were originally insects of the forest. Above all it must 

 be remembered that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of 

 cure, and these remedial measures must be applied in a timely way. 

 For instance, spraying, to be of any use, must be begun before the 

 eggs are laid, or, rather, frequent applications should be made during 

 the entire period of egg-laying, from the middle or last of May, and 

 before, to possibly as late as the middle of July. The writer would 

 suggest one or two sprayings first before the blossoms open, and 

 every ten days after the blossoms fall, until the end of the laying 

 season, and jarring should be persevered in during this period. For 

 spraying we would suggest using one pound of Paris green to every 

 160 gallons of water and the addition of a little quick lime to prevent 

 any burning. As you are well aware, spraying in this way would also 

 kill any other insect pest feeding upon fruit, leaf or twig. Plum trees 

 infested with Plum Curculio should receive the same treatment. 

 The writer would suggest using quite a little more lime when treat- 

 ing plums, as the plum foliage is more tender than that of the apple. 

 A better and safer spray than Paris green, and one rapidly coming 

 into favor, is arsenate of lead,* sometimes called disparene. This can 

 be used of almost any strength (three to six pounds in every 100 

 gallons of water) without injury to trees, and remains on leaf and 

 fruit much longer than Paris green. If a long continued and copious 

 rain immediately follows a spraying, it is safe to conclude that much 

 of the poison has been washed ofif, and spray again. I note that 

 Stedman suggests in recent publications regarding this same evil in 

 Missouri, the working of the soil in the apple orchard in July and 

 August, a shallow plowing and thorough harrowing about the mid- 

 dle of July, followed by two more harrowings between that date 

 and the middle of August. This would seem to be a valuable ad- 

 junct to the other work, inasmuch as it would disturb the ground 

 at a time when the beetles were pupating just below the surface. 



If not one but all the measures of relief above outlined be followed 

 for a few years, the injury to the apple by this pest is bound to be 



