INJURIOUS INSECTS OF 1904. 



145 



cupines. The nature of their teeth and the general appearance of 

 their skulls can be appreciated by a glance at the accompanying 

 illustration, Fig. 137. The mole, on the other hand, does not have 

 the incisor teeth developed for gnazving, and does have canine teeth in 

 upper and lower jaws. Its eyes are very small, sometimes quite 

 concealed, but with a little care one can find them, hence the popu- 

 lar idea that moles have no eyes is erroneous. They are insect 

 eaters, feeding upon grubs, insects and earth worms, and probably 

 do not often take vegetable matter as food. They belong to the 

 order Inscctivora, which order includes not only the moles, but also 

 the little mouse-like shrews, in which, unlike the moles, we find no 

 canine teeth. Our illustration. Fig. 138, shows the skeleton of a 

 mole, the sharp pointed teeth, adapted to tearing insects and 

 worms, and not at all suited for gnazving, as are the teeth of the 

 gopher. One will at once note in the picture the enormous ridges 

 in the bones of the fore limbs, to which in life powerful muscles 

 for digging are attached, particularly suited to an animal which 

 passes practically its entire life beneath the surface of the ground. 



Fig. 138. — Skeleton of Mole. From Brehm. 



Turning once more to the order Rodentia, we find it divided 

 into families, and in order to properly place the Minnesota pests 

 which occur in this order, we will arrange the families under the 

 order in such way as to show just where our gophers and squirreh 

 belong and why. 



Family SciuridcB: The Squirrels, including all the squirrels, 

 ground squirrels, or chipmunks, the woodchuck or ground-hog, the 

 thirtcen-lined gopher, the gray gopher. All of these have five molar 

 teeth above on each side and four below on each side. 



