INJURIOUS INSECTS OF 1904. 153 



Field Mice: "Lost thousands of evergreens last winter by gird- 

 ling; have lost apple and other trees. Shell grain out of shock- 

 when left standing long, also gnaw bark on apple trees when 

 mulching is left too close. Girdle apple and plum trees, also box 

 elder and ash, shrubs and gooseberry bushes in nursery. Girdled 

 a few dozen nursery trees last year. Eat grain in shocks. Gnaw 

 trees more than rabbits when snow is deep. Considerable damage 

 to nursery stock during winter by working under deep snow drifts ; 

 girdle apple or even forest trees which have been mulched with 

 straw. Damage corn and grain shocks when left standing long. 

 Young trees girdled. Damage grain in granary. Damage fruit 

 trees and shrubbery of all kinds. Cut twine on grain in shock. 

 Girdle apple trees occasionally. Damage arbor vitae where rows 

 are close. Destroy large quantities of corn in field. Very bad 

 on apple and evergreen trees. Eat grain and bands on bundles, 

 also girdle trees." 



Thirteen-lined Gopher (Striped Gopher) : "Dig up corn and 

 eat other grain. Damage corn in spring when first planted. Dig 

 up newly planted corn, doing considerable damage. Eat seed 

 planted in garden. Damage corn. Injure corn fields by digging 

 down and eating corn just planted, or when a few inches tall, dam- 

 age five per cent. Dig up corn hills. Dig seed out of ground and 

 eat heads of wheat in shock. Destroy corn just as it is coming 

 out of the ground. Some damage to seed corn. Some damage to 

 grain shocks. Eat newly seeded grain. Much damage in corn 

 fields by digging up corn. Bother a great deal by digging up corn 

 just as it shoots above ground. Much damage done by seed eaten 

 in ground. Considerable damage to corn just planted, also corn 

 in shock." 



Pocket Gophers: "Make large mounds in clover fields. Eat 

 roots of young orchard trees and elms. Cut up grain in shock and 

 carry earth up into shocks. Gnaw roots of trees. Cut up hay 

 meadows badly. Gnaw roots off trees and shrubbery. Injurious 

 to fruit trees, five per cent damage. Destroyed nearly half of 

 potato crop last year. Very injurious to roots of orchard trees. 

 A nuisance in clover and potato fields. Go under grain shocks 

 near sloughs, burrow into shock and eat grain, cutting the bands 

 around bundles; about two per cent damage. Damage apple trees 



