E. W. BERGER ON THE CUBOMEDUS. 23 
giving information in the life of Charybdea, is evident from the 
reaching motions of the proboscis after the removal of the sensory 
clubs. Other centers of spontaneity in their order of importance 
probably are: the radial ganglia (one experiment); the interradial 
ganglia (?); the suspensoria, as shown by their supplying stimuli to 
isolated pieces of the sides connected with them; the frenula and the 
velarium, the latter of which gave contractions when removed with 
the frenula or in pieces only. No evidence is given that the frenula or 
the velarium can impart their contractions to other tissue, though this 
seems probable for the former. The proboscis can also contract of itself. 
Reflexes between the velarium, frenula, subumbrella, sensory clubs, 
nerve, and any one pedalium, on the one hand, and the pedalia on 
the other hand, are very common, and point to the pedalia with the 
tentacles as organs of defense and offense. The pedalia serve also as 
rudders in swimming. 
Finally, as judged by the results in this paper, Charybdea seems 
to occupy, physiologically, a position intermediate between the 
Hydromeduse and the Scyphomeduse. In its great activity as a 
swimmer, in its response to light, and in its reflexes it is Hydrome- 
dusan, while in the paralysis and recovery following the removal of 
its marginal bodies, as also in its response with several pulsations 
instead of one, when a deganglionated bell is stimulated, it is Scypho- 
medusan. 
The observations on the Discomeduse, Aurelia, Polyclonia, Cassi- 
opoea, demonstrate the existence of motor nerve centers in the 
marginal bodies; but that other centers are present is shown by the 
recovery of pulsation following the removal of the marginal bodies 
or the margin. These results are mainly confirmatory of those of 
Romanes and Eimer. They differ from these in the fact that margins 
of Polyclonia and Cassiopcea, with only one ganglion attached, 
originated contractions distant from the ganglion. Removing of a 
single lithocyst resulted in a slowing of pulsation, as did also the 
removal of the oral lobes, though the immediate effect in the latter 
case was an acceleration. Isolated pieces of the subumbrella could 
contract. 
DR. CONANT’S NOTES. 
Below follow Dr. Conant’s notes. They are printed about as 
Conant left them. Their order of succession, however, has been 
