Brazilian Entomology. 215 



■Subfamily 6. AcRiEiNiE. 



On crushing either sex of Acraa Thalia, a disgusting 

 odour is perceived, which probably renders it unpalatable 

 to most insectivorous animals; there appear to be no special 

 oro'ans for the emission of odours. 



Subfamily 7. Heliconix^.* 



The butterflies of this subfamily also possess a disgust- 

 ing odour, and both sexes are provided with special organs 

 for its emission. In the male they are situated between 

 the anal valves, in the female on the dorsal side of the end 

 of the abdomen. The odours emitted appear to be gene- 

 rally stronger in the female sex.f 



Subfamily 8. Nymphalin/E. 



A. Ejjicalia group. 



Unusually strong odours are emitted by the males of 

 Myscelia Opis and Epicalia Acontius. Both of them 

 have a large odoriferous spot on the upper side of the 

 hind wings, and opposite to this a similar spot, covered 

 by a mane of black hairs, is situated on the front Avings 

 of Epicalia Acontius. It is very remarkable that the 

 odoriferous organs, which ai'e so highly developed in 

 E])icalia Acontius are completely wanting in Epicalia 

 Numilia, and it is yet more remarkable that they closely 

 resemble in various particulars those oi AntirrliCBa Archcea, 

 though they were no doubt independently acquired in 

 both species. In both these butterflies the posterior 

 margin of the front wings and the anterior margin of the 

 hind Avings are much dilated ; in both of them a mane 

 of long hairs is inserted on the. imder side of the front 

 wings, along the submedian nervure, covering an odorife- 

 rous spot (which is well developed in Epicalia, but most 

 rudimentary in Antirrhaa), and opposite to the mane 

 there is a large odoriferous spot on the hind Avings, the 

 central part of which fills the angle between the two sub- 

 costal nervures, extending into the three adjoining cells 



* I have lately shown (Stettin. Entomol. Zeitung, 1877, p. 492) that the 

 genera Colcenis and Diane cannot be separated from Jlellconlits and 

 IJueides. 



■j- For a full description of the odoriferous organs of the female Heli- 

 conincB, see a paper in Zeitschrift fiir Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, vol. 

 XXX. p. 1G7. 



