Brazilian Eatonioloyy. 219 



Subfamily 2. Papilionin^e. 



When special organs for emitting odours are developed 

 in the males of this subfamily, they are placed along the 

 anal margin of the hind wings, which is then usually 

 recurved. It can be expanded, and the odoriferous organs 

 exposed by moving the Avings strongly in a forward direc- 

 tion. In some species a very strong odour is emitted by 

 the upper side of the wings of the male Avithout any 

 special organs having been found (but I must add, that 

 I have not yet compared microscopically the wings of the 

 two sexes). This is the case with Papilio Po 1 1/ dam as &nd 

 Hjljperion. In P. Polydamas there appear to be two sets 

 of males emitting equally strong, but quite different, 

 odours. This would be analogous to the case of the two 

 sets of differently-coloured females in some species of this 

 genus. P. Polydamas is generally the most common of 

 our Papilios, but in the last summer it has been rather 

 rai'e, and I have examined but a small number of livinc: 

 males ; thus, on exammmg a larger number, intermediate 

 odovu's may be found. 



In Papilio Scamander or Grayi* the black hairs exist- 

 ing in both sexes on the upper side of the hind wings, are 

 much more developed near the anal margin in the males, 

 which emit a strong, most agreeable odour, issuing from 

 these hairs ; the females are scentless. 



In the male Papilio Protesilaus the hairs near the 

 anal margin of the hind wings ai'e developed to a long 

 black beard, which is hidden by the recurved margin of 

 the wing, and exhales, when uncovered, a very strong, or 

 rather disagreeable, odour. Beard and odour are wanting 

 completely in the female sex.f 



In the male Papilio Nephalion the pouch formed by the 

 recurved anal margin of the hind wings is filled with an 

 astonishing quantity of white silky down. In a male 



* This Ijutteifly visited in large numbers the flowers of a red Salvia, 

 in the highlands of the jirovince of Santa Catarina, near S. Bento. Some 

 specimens agreed with BohduvaVs description of P. Scamander, others 

 with that of PapiUo Grayi, and most of them were intermediate between 

 the two. 



f Felder (Species Lepidop. 1864, p. 57) states that among a large num- 

 ber of specimens of Papilio Protesilaus, Agesilavs and Telesilaits he 

 could not find any female. In 1876 Pap. I'rotesilavs (var. Tclesilans) 

 was extremely common, both on the river Itajahy and tm the highlands of 

 Cnritibnnos, and I think I have caught more than a hundred specimens, 

 among which tliere were but two females. 



