Brazilian Entomolocjy. 223 



mimics Colcsnis Julia. I, therefore, formerly thought 

 that the three rare species of Eueides mimicked the three 

 common species of Acrcea, Meclianitis and Colanis. 

 Afterwards, after finding that the several species of 

 JEueides possess a very strong and repngnant odour, I 

 had become somewhat doubtful, and at Sao Bento I 

 found that E. Aciphera was extremely common, so 

 common, indeed, that repeatedly I caught as many as 

 eight specimens in the net at once, whereas C. Julia w-as 

 so rare that I have only seen two or three specimens 

 altogether. Thus, judging by their relative abundance, 

 an observer on the Itajahy might consider E. Aciphera 

 to be a mimic of C. Julia, while an observer at Sao 

 Bento might take C. Julia to be a mimic of -£". Aciphera. 



Correlation of Habit with Protective Resemblance. 



Any number of cases might be given. The case which 

 has most struck me is that of the caterpillar of a small 

 moth belonging to the curious Cochliopod group. This 

 caterpillar has long lateral processes, overlapping each 

 other, and imitates in a truly wonderful manner a dry 

 leaflet of the food plant Cassia multijuga with the apical 

 half gnawed off". Now, when gliding along slowly and 

 smoothly, as Cochliopod larvas are accustomed to do, it 

 has the strange habit of making curious waving move- 

 ments from side to side, just as a dry leaf moved by the 

 wind. A dry leaf marching in a straightforAvard manner 

 would be a strange thing:, and might rouse the attention 

 of some intelligent bird, whilst it would not look at a leaf 

 moved by the wind. 



Another curious instance is that of the caterpillar of 

 our Brazilian "leaf-butterfly" {Siderone strir/osus); when 

 very young it feeds on the tips of the lanceolate leaves of 

 a Casearia, sparing the mid rib, on which it rests. This 

 habit of resting on the denuded ribs of leaves is common 

 to various young caterpillars {Profor/onius, Adelpha, 

 Gyncesia), and they are thus very Avell ])rotected. AMien 

 somewhat larger, the cateqjillars of Siderone strir/osus 

 (and of Siderone IdcB, which live on the same plant) bite 

 small pieces from the leaf, fastening them to the mid rib, 

 with their margins rolled in, and the brown colour which 

 these bits of leaf soon assume excellently conceal the small 

 brown cateri)illar which sits between them ; at last the fiJl- 

 grown larva itself perfectly imitates a rolled drv leaf. 



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