rostrums. Hymenoptera figbt or combine in war ; social Aculeata 

 {Boittbiis, Ccrceris) attack intruders, and wrestle together for the female, 

 while tlie queen hive-bee {Apis inelUfica) fights and destroys the fertile 

 nymphs, and their workers destroy the males in summer. Social FonnicidcB 

 attack on the wing {Myrniica), combine in war {Formica rufa, F. Hercu- 

 lanea), or employ their slave-making instinct in colonising their nests with 

 alien species {Formica sanguinea, Polyergus rufescens). The winged males 

 of the solitary Mutillce, when contesting with the female, will devour rather 

 than relinquish her. Lepidoptera, especially the males, attack their own 

 sex, rising in the air, and striking or breaking each other's wings ; some 

 {Cynthia) have even been observed to dart after birds or a passing shadow. 

 Male Diptera {Tvpula, Dolichopiis) dash in one another's faces. 



Maternal care is displayed by female insects which oviposit, hatch, tend 

 and directly or indirectly provide for their larvse. In placing their eggs, 

 some species are influenced by smell {Musca vomitoria) and others by sight, 

 such as Trichoptera, which I have known to attach their ova to a fly's wing 

 in mistake for moisture. Some Orthoptera {BlattcB, Mantida), provident for 

 their larvte, lay their eggs in a case, while certain Lepidoptera {Liparis) 

 snip with pincers an anal tuft to cover them ; other species glue them 

 together. Cicadce, Tenthredinidm, and some Longicorn Coleoptera, in 

 order to insert their ova, cut twigs with serrated ovipositors, and other 

 tribes use it as a drill. The females of Fossores and Lamellicorn beetles 

 employ their mandibles or fore legs for the purpose of excavating holes in 

 friable earth wherein to deposit their eggs. Kirby and Spence mention 

 three instances of females sitting on their ova and tending their young, viz., 

 the genera Forficula, Perga, and Acanthosoma. Tliis trait is more 

 developed in the Arachnida {Cluhiona, Lycosa, Epcira). Some sterile 

 FormicidcE, again, superintend the sun-hatching of their nymphs, and other 

 Hymenoptera tend their young, singly [Mellinus, Ep)ipo)ie), or in company 

 {Apis, Bombiis, &c.), but pregnant insects more often provide instinctively 

 for their posthumous larvie by constructing a simple nest and storing it 

 svith food. 



