/ 
BARBADOS-ANTIGUA EXPEDITION 121 
they contain. Some hundred pounds of this earth were col- 
lected at the type localities. 
Above the Oceanic deposits are the later deposits of coralline 
limestones. It seems that when the uplift took place that 
brought the sea-bottom high enough for corals to thrive upon 
it only the patch representing the present Barbados was so fa- 
vored. Subsequent slow elevations brought the now higher 
parts of the island above the water and gradually further and 
still further elevations made the island larger, higher, and are 
responsible for the terraced effects which are so apparent even 
to the casual observer. 
The diastrophic disturbances connected with the elevations 
and subsidences greatly contorted and faulted the older rocks. 
Beds standing at all angles, even vertically, and folding, flex- 
ing, and faulting are beautifully shown in the Scotland Dis- 
trict where the later coral cap has been removed by the ever- 
lasting attack of the weather; especially have the waves driven 
by the strong and steady trades from the northeast had an im- 
portant part in sculpturing this coast since its elevation to the 
zone of wave action disputed their right of way. 
Barbados is not only isolated but its shoreline is simple and 
featureless; there are no islands off-shore and few indentations 
which offer good harbor facilities. The highest point is Mt. 
Hillaby, 1104 ft., from which the land slopes seaward in gentle 
terraces. These terraces are well-marked along the south-east 
-eoast beyond South Point Light House. The present shore 
line here for a mile or two is a vertical (in places deeply under- 
cut) cliff some forty to seventy feet high; back from the sea- 
ward edge of this cliff some one-eighth to one-fourth mile rises 
another steep cliff scarred by weathering agents and covered by 
struggling, windbeaten shrubbery. It is thirty to fifty feet 
high, has numerous sea-caves,—one of them used by the owner 
as a night corral for a large flock of sheep. 
The coral limestone overlies six-sevenths of the island and is 
very porous, so much so that the greater part of the rainfall 
sinks immediately into the ground and finds its way to the sea 
in underground passages. For this reason there are no streams 
of any consequence on the coral limestone part of the island. 
Solution has dissolved out many and devious underground pas- 
