164 IOWA STUDIES IN NATURAL HISTORY 
interesting things, especially crustaceans. One was a large 
‘pistol crab’’ that lurked among the tentacles of an anemone 
and struck the finger of the collector a sharp blow with the 
point of its large chela. It felt much like an electric shock and 
made one jump every time. 
In Falmouth Harbor we found patches of growing coral 
reefs, including Porites and fine specimens of Manicina. A pe- 
culiar species of Porites was collected here, resembling P. clav- 
aria, but intense deep purplish blue in color. Extensive mud 
flats partly covered with eel-grass were populated with several 
sorts of sea-urchins. These were mostly the common Diadema, 
Hipponée, and Toxopneustes. Hipponde has the habit of cover- 
ing its dorsal surface with pebbles, eel grass, ete. Some of our 
finest anemones were collected here, and Fisher discovered a 
number of the largest colonies of Pennaria that I have ever 
seen. Oreaster reticulatus was also secured. 
There were extensive mangrove swamps fringing the inner 
harbor back of the Dockyard and we found exeellent collect- 
ing among and in the maze of prop-like mangrove roots. Many 
serpulid worms, oyster-like bivalves (Perna) and holothurians 
were thus secured. Here also we found the enormous hairy- 
legged land-crab; and, still further back, armies of fiddler crabs 
which scurried over the muddy flats. 
We went several times to Willoughby Bay, although the pas- 
sage around the windward coast was very rough. There are 
fine reefs stretching nearly across the entrance of the bay, but 
the coral seemed to be of the ordinary species already studied 
at Barbados. The bottom is mud and fine sand and not rich 
in animal life. 
We did some night work in English Harbor, using an electric 
light suspended from the stern of the rowboat and about a foot 
beneath the surface. The catch was mainly small eel-like fishes 
and the curious half-beaks (Hemirhamphus) with a very long 
tubular lower jaw ending in a phosphorescent organ, and hard- 
ly any upper jaw at all. There were many ribbon-like ‘‘ghost 
fishes’’ which were so transparent that they could not be seen 
in a bucket of water. Most of the forms collected in this way 
were more or less phosphorescent. 
With all these rich collecting grounds, it will be evident that 
