1 1 2 SoiLthern Cross. 



smaller ones. Strange to say, the smaller Penguins were afraid of 

 him, and gave him a very wide berth. We endeavoured to get 

 between him and the water's edge, so as to capture him, but he was 

 much too wise for us ; he perceived our little manoeuvre, and quietly 

 took a header back into the sea. Ten of these large Penguins were, 

 however, captured some days afterwards, and were incarcerated in a 

 square made of boxes, but somehow they overturned the cases, and 

 effected their escape." In the inlet of the ice barrier, at about the 

 southernmost point reached by the 'Southern Cross' Mr. Bernacchi 

 found a couple of Emperor Penguins, inhabiting the same ground as 

 a large rookery of Weddell's Seal. In the appendix to his book 

 (p. 313), he says that "the species is rarely seen further north than 

 Lat. 63° S., but some had been seen by the ' Southern Cross ' expedition 

 as far south as 78° S. At Cape Adare specimens were procured both 

 in summer and in winter. They were generally solitary, or in small 

 groups of five or six. Its food consists principally of crustaceans, 

 Great pains were taken to find a clue to the breeding-place of the 

 Emperor Penguin, but unsuccessfully." 



Dr. Eacovitza, of the ' Bclgica,' gives an interesting accouutof the 

 species on the pack-ice {t.c. p. 22), with an excellent photograph by Dr. 

 Cook. The latter also has many notes in his book, ' Through the First 

 Antarctic Night,' on the " Poyal " Penguin, as he terms the species, 

 which was met with by the ' Belgica ' in the pack-ice early in March. 

 He says : — " The Penguins we saw were stragglers which failed to go 

 to more congenial regions before the new ice formed ; they remained 

 near icebergs, where they are sure to find new crevices in the next 

 few days, and to be deprived of food and water for a few days does 

 not seem to seriously disturb a Penguin. About the bergs we found 

 some small holes through the new ice, out of which there came a puff 

 of vapour with a hiss, at regular intervals. These were the breathing 

 holes of the crab-eating Seals, who, like the stranded Penguins, 

 awaited a change in the movement of the ice, when new crevices, 

 with open spaces of water, will again appear." The Emperors also 

 occurred during the winter, as Dr. Cook observes that on the 14th of 

 July, though no life was visible, the tracks of both the Poyal and 

 the smaller Adelia Penguins were seen. 



