Aves. 121 



forth took no more notice of us. What impressed us was the general 

 appearance of sadness prevailing among them: they seemed to be 

 under the shadow of some great trouble. It is no small matter that 

 will arouse them from their stolidity. There were many young birds 

 among them, and no doubt most of the older ones had already 

 migrated northwards, it being late in the year for them. The 

 effluvium from the guano was very powerful. The strong ammoniacal 

 odour at first gave us a sensation of nausea, but we soon got used to 

 it, and never afterwards suffered from any unpleasantness. There 

 was, however, no large accumulation of guano of any commercial 

 value, for in no place was it deeper than from three to four inches, 

 and this only in very small patches of only a few feet in extent. 

 The powerful winds prevent any extensive formation by sweeping all 

 accumulations into the sea." On the beach at Cape Adare " bleached 

 remains of thousands of Penguins were scattered all over the plat- 

 form, mostly young birds that had succumbed to the severity of the 

 climate" (p. 73). On the climb to tlie top of Cape Adare, on 

 February 17th, Mr. Bernacchi saw a few Penguins, and even at the 

 top (950 feet by aneroid) there were traces of them. 



On tlie journey south after the return of the ' ^outlurn Gross ' 

 to Cape Adare, he records numbers of Penguins as being 

 observed on the Possession Islands on the 3rd of February, 1900 

 (p. 234), and on the inlet in the ice-barrier one of these birds was 

 seen on the 4th (p. 240). They were again met with in Wood's Bay 

 at the foot of Mount Melbourne (p. 244). The pebbly beach on 

 Franklin Island, " similar to the one in Wood's Bay and at Cape 

 Adare, was occupied by thousands of Penguins. The young birds 

 were not in so advanced a state of development as those at Cape 

 Adare and the Possession Islands (p. 252). On p. 260 he writes : 

 "Even stranger than the absence of snow on Mount Terror is the 

 existence of an exceedingly large Penguin rookery at the foot of the 

 mountain, and near Cape Crozier. This rookery was occupied by 

 millions of Penguins, and was far and away larger than any we had 

 previously seen. The brown discolouration caused by these birds 

 can be seen some miles off." 



The earliest date of the return of the Penguins to the neighbour- 

 liood of Cape Adare seems to have been the 16th of September, when 

 Mr. Evans found one " lying dead far in on the ice, killed by the 

 dogs " {vide Mr. Nicolai Hanson's ' Diary,' antea, p. 105). Specimen /. 

 of my list was the one brought in to Mi-. Hanson half-an-hour before 

 he died (October 14th, 1899) {cf. Borchgreviuk, ' Antarctic Continent,' 



