128 Southern Cross. 



the date of that visit was much earlier in the season than when the 

 old Penguins left their young ones in 1900. I noticed that the 

 young birds generally found their mothers whenever they wanted 

 food, and soon began to pay visits to their neighbours and mix 

 amongst them ; but a mutual understanding seemed to have been 

 arrived at by the old Penguins not to quarrel as much as at the time 

 of love-making. They seemed to realise the necessity of falling into 

 each other's peculiarities as much as possible. When the old 

 Penguins left, the young ones, being able, like the rest of their kind, to 

 live for a long while without food, remained on sliore until starvation 

 forced them to work for their own living, then they too went to sea 

 and left their birthplaces until the next short summer." 



Mr. Bernacchi (p. 192) also gives an excellent account of the 

 habits of the Adelia Penguin, from which the following extracts have 

 been made : — 



" The arrival of the small Penguins at Cape Adare presented a 

 m6st curious appearance. When walking on the rough ice they 

 struttle along upright, but as soon as they reach ice upon which 

 there is some snow, they drop down on their breasts and glide along 

 toboggan fashion, making use of flippers as well as feet. They all 

 travelled along the same path, which soon became bloodstained from 

 their bleeding feet cut by the projecting pieces of ice. They came 

 from the north and must have travelled at least twenty miles over 

 very rough ice. Some landed upon the pebbly shore at Cape Adare 

 and nearly all at the same spot, but others continued to journey 

 southwards towards the bottom of Robertson Bay, where there was 

 another rookery. It was like an immense army. For fourteen days 

 they came in an absolute unbroken continuation. One day we 

 witnessed the black meandering line of Penguins from the summit of 

 Cape Adare, and could trace it for quite two miles out towards the 

 northern horizon. 



"■ They did not in the least hurry themselves, but trudged along 

 steadily in their own phlegmatic way. Their pace was, perhaps, one 

 mile an hour. When approached by anyone they stop and make no 

 attempt to get out of the way, but they shorten their necks and lower 

 their beaks until they assume the appearance of looking down their 

 noses ; then they slowly stretch their necks and raise their beaks 

 until they point upwards towards the sky, making at the same time 

 a droll raucous cry, all this with a most ludicrous aspect of indigna- 

 tion, as no doubt they were — profoundly indignant. Sometimes one 

 or more of the most audacious would rush out from among their 



