234 SUB-CLASS (and order) teleostei. 



Beryx Cuv., with large ctenoid scales, air-bladder with duct, deep-sea, 

 is fovuid fossil in the chalk ; Polymixia, Aphredoderus, Plectromus, Scope- 

 logadus, Anoplogaster, Caulolepis, Trachichthys, Gephyroberyx, Myripristis, 

 Holocentnim. 



Fam. 63. Monocentridae with Monocentris. 



Fam. 64. Pempheridae, Pempheris, air-bladder divided into an 

 anterior and posterior portion ; BatJiyclupea Alcock, with pneumatic 

 duct. 



Fam. 05. Cyphosidae. Pacific and Indian Oceans. Cyphosus Lac. 

 [Pimelepterus Lac. ). Herinosilla, Sectator. 



Fam. 66. Lobotidae. Medialuna, Lohotes, very wide range. 



Fam. 67. Centrarchidae. Sun-fishes, f. w. of N. Amer., most build 

 nests, valued as food. Pomoxis, Centrarchus, Acantharchus, Anibloplites, 

 Archoplites, Chaenohryttus, Enneacanthus, Mesogonistius, Apomotis, 

 Lepomis, Eupomotis, Micropterus Lac. {Huro C. and V.), black bass, 

 acclimatised in Eur., Elassoma, Kuhlia. 



Fam. 68. Toxotidae. Toxotes Cuv., f. w. and coasts of E. Indies and 

 Australia, has the habit of throwing a drop of water at an insect near 

 the surface to make it fall in. 



Fam. 69. Nandidae. Small carnivorous fresh-water fish from W. Afr., 

 S.-E. Asia and S. Amer. Nandus. 



Fam. 70. Percidae. No sub-ocular lamina of the suborbitals ; ento- 

 pterygoid present ; anterior vertebrae withovit transverse processes 

 all or most of the ribs inserted on to the transverse processes ; two nostrils 

 on each side ; gill membranes free from the isthmus ; 6-8 branchiostegals ; 

 gills 4, a slit behind the 4th ; pseudobranch variously developed, rarely 

 absent ; pharyngeal bones separate ; soft portion of dorsal fin not much 

 more developed than anal ; latter with ] or 2 spines. F. w. fishes of 

 temp. N. hemisphere. Perca Art. Eur. C and N. Asia, E.N. Axner. ; 

 P. fluviatilis Rond., the perch. Lucioperca Cviv., pike-perches ; Percina 

 (Pileoma) ; Etheostoma Raf., darters, N. Amer., E. of Rockies ; also, 

 from E. of N. Amer. are Boleosoma, Ulocentra, Diplesium, Ammocrypta, 

 Crystcdlaria ; Aspro C. and V. (Zingel), Cent. Eur. ; Percarina Nord., 

 rivers discharging into Black Sea and Sea of Azov ; Acerina, Eur. and N. 

 Asia, A. cernud L., the pope. 



Fam. 7L Cheilodipteridae. Cardinal-fishes; small fishes of the tropics, 

 abundant in the E. Ind., some f. w., some mar. ; colour often bright 

 red. Ambassis Commers., the smallest Percoids, some not much more 

 than 1 in., trop. Indo-Pac. and f . w. of that area. Apogon Lac, coral-fishes, 

 on or near coral reefs, a few enter f. w. ; Apogonichthys, Chilodipterus, 

 Acropoma, Scombrops, Glossamia, Epigonus, Amiichthys, Hypoclydonia ; 

 Pomatomus Risso, Med. and Atl. deep-water. 



Fam. 72. Serranidae. Sea-bass. Second sub-orbital with an internal 

 lamina supporting the globe of the eye ; entopterygoid present. Anterior 

 vertebrae without transvei'se processes ; all or most of the ribs inserted 

 on the transverse processes where these are developed. Two nostrils on 

 each side ; 6 or 7 branchiostegals ; anterior vertebrae, ribs, gill mem- 

 branes, nostrils, gills, pseudobranch, pharyngeal bones (except 

 Centrogenys, in which they are united), dorsal fin as in Percidae. Carni- 

 vorous fish, chiefly mar., fovind in all warm seas and some in f. w. 

 One of the largest families of fishes, about 550 species ; Percichthys Gir. 

 f. w. of Chili, W. Argentina, Patagonia ; Percilia Gir., f. w.. Chili ; 

 Lateolabrax Bleek, and Niphon C. and V., coasts China and Japan ; 



