238 



SUB-CLASS (and ORDER) TELEOSTEI, 



Centrolabrus Gthr. ; C. exoletus L., rock-cook 

 rainbow wrasse. Other genera are 



Tautoga 



Lachnolaemus 



Malacopterus 



Cossyphus {Harpe) 



Chilinus 



Epibulus 



Anampses 



Plaiyghssus 



Iridio 



Halichoeres 



Novacula 



Julis 



Pseudodax 



Choerops 



Xiphochilus 



Semicossyphus 



Trochocopus 



Decodon 



Pteragogus 



Clepticus 



Lahrichthys 



Lahroides 



Coris Lac, C. julis Gthr. 



Duymaeria 



Cirrhilabrus 



Doratonotus 



Pseudochilinus 



Hemigyynnus 



Gomphosus 



Cheilio 



Cymolutes 



Chlorichthys 



Xyrichthys 



Miistius. 



Odax ; Coridodax Gthr. ; C. pullux, butter or kelp-fish of N. Zealand ; 

 Olistherops, Siphonognafhus . 



Fam. 93. Scaridae. Parrot-wi-asses, close to preceding. Jaws form- 

 ing a sharp beak, the teeth being soldered together ; herbivorous fishes 

 especially abundant among coral reefs. Scarus Forsk., S. cretensis L., 

 Med., much esteemed as food by the Ancients ; Scarichthys, Cryptotomus 

 (Callyodon), Pseudoscartis, Calofomus, Sparisoma. 



Tribe 2. SCOMBRIFORMES, Mackerel-hke fishes. 



No bony stay for preoperculum. Spinous dorsal if distinct formed of 

 short or feeble slender spines. Pectoral arch similar to Perciformes, but 

 somactids more abbreviated. Pelvics thoracic ; caudal, if well developed, 

 with numerous rays deeply forked at the base. This tribe is not capable 

 of exact definition. It includes marine fishes, with few exceptions. 



Fam. 94. Scombridae. Mackerels. Fusiform, naked or with small 

 scales, eyes lateral, dentition well developed, two dorsal fins, generally 

 finlets ; pelvics thoracic with 1 spine and 5 rays ; more than 10 

 abdominal, never more than 14 caudal vertebrae ; pseudobranch 

 large ; air-bladder small or absent ; most pelagic, valued as food, and 

 widespread ; their muscles receive a greater supply of blood and nerves 

 than in other fishes, and are of a red colovir, and theu" temperature is several 

 degrees higher than in other fishes ; spawn in the open sea. Extinct 

 forms in the Eocene and Miocene. Scomber L., *S'. scomber L., the com- 

 mon mackerel without air-bladder ; *S. pneumatopJioriis with air-bladder ; 

 Auxis C. et V. ; A. rochei Gthr. ; Thynnus Cuv. (Thunnus) (Orcynus 

 Llitken), Th. thynnus, the tunny, one of the largest fishes, to 10 ft. ; 

 Th. pelamys, the bonito, pursues flying fish ; some of the other species 

 ( ? separate gen vis Germ,o Jordan) are provided with very long pectoral 

 fins and are called by sailors " albacore." Pelamys C. et V. {Sarda 

 Cuv.), P. sarda C. and V. ; Cybitim, Cuv. {Scomberomorus Lac). Acan- 

 ihocybium, Gill ; Rhachicentron Kaup {Elacate C. et V.) may be placed 

 here. 



Fam. 95. Gempylidae. Fishes of the high seas, widespread, descending 

 to considerable depths, usually breeding abovit rocky islands, most 

 used as food. Bipinnula J. and E., Ruvettus Cocco, Epinnula Poey, 

 Nealotus Johns., Gempylus C. et V. 



Fam. 96. Lepidopidae. Transitional between muscular mackerel- 



