312 CLASS AMPHIBIA. 



Sub-fam. 3. Dendrophryniscinae. Witliout teetli. Batmcho- 

 phrynns Ptrs., an acjuatic gemis without tympanivm and eustachian 

 tubes, Peru ; Dendrophryniscvs Esp., Brazil. 

 Series B. Ftrmisternta. The epicoracoids do not overlap but are 

 firmly united witli one another. 



Fani. 6. Engystomatidae. Transverse processes of sacral vertebra 

 dilated, vertebrae procoelous and without ribs ; the precoracoid may be 

 weak or absent. 



Rub-fam. 1. Engystomatinae. Without teeth in the upper 

 jaw ; neotropical and palaeotropieal ; many genera live on ants ; 

 the mouth is often sniall and the snout projecting ; in some genera 

 the digits have adhesive discs supported by T-shaped phalanges. 

 The sub-family includes terrestrial, aquatic and -buiTo wing forms but 

 none are arboreal. Rhinoderma Duin. and Bibr., Chili, Rh. darwinii 



D. and B., total length 3 cm., male with a svibgular vocal sac to which 

 the eggs are transferred and in which they develop, the tadpoles are 

 without gills and the whole development appears to take place in 

 the pouch ; Phryniscus Wieg., trop. Amer. ; Brachyccphaliis Fitz., 

 with broad dorsal osseous shield, S. Amer. ; Stercocyclops Cope, Brazil ; 

 Engystoma Fitz., Amer.; Oreophrynella ; Hypopachus Keferst.. trop. 

 Amer. ; Melanobatrachus Beddome, India ; Sphenophryne Ptrs. and 

 Doria, New Guinea ; Liophryne, New Guinea ; Calophrynus Tschudi, 



E. Indies, S. China ; Microhyla Tschudi, China, E. Indies ; Callula 

 Gthr., E. Indies ; Xenobatrachus Ptrs. and D.. New Guinea ; Phryno- 

 mantis Ptrs., Africa and Amboina ; Cocopus Gthr., India ; Glypho- 

 glossus Gthr., India ; Brei-icepf: Merr., Africa ; Hemisus Gthr., Africa ; 

 Rhombophryne Boettg., Madagascar ; Scaphiophryne Blgr., Mada- 

 gascar ; Xenorhina, Ptrs., New Guinea ; Pkrynella, Malacca ; 

 Manfophryne, New Guinea ; Cacosternum, Africa. 



Sub-fam. 2. Dyscophinae.* With teeth in the upper jaw ; 

 those with disced digits are climbers. Calluella, Burmah, all the 

 other genera from Madagascar, viz. Dyscophus, Plcthodontohyla, 

 Mantipus, Platyhyki, Phrynocarn. Platypelis, Cophyla, Anodontohyla. 



Sub-fam. 3. Genyophryninae. With very small teeth on the 

 anterior portion of the lower jaw. Genyophryrie, Sudest Island between 

 N. Guinea and the Louisiade Archipelago. 

 Fam. 7. Ranidae. Transverse processes of sacral vertebra cylindri- 

 cal ; the precoracoids are always present ; vertebrae procoelous. 



Sub-fam. 1. Ceratobatrachinae. Teeth in both jaws; tongue 

 notched and free behind ; pupil horizontal ; tympanum distinct ; 

 fingers and toes free, with swollen tips ; male witli two intei'nal vocal 

 sacs. Ceratobatrachus, Solomon Islands. 



Sub-fam. 2. Raninae. With teeth in the vipper but none in the 

 lower jaw ; tympanum variable ; adhesive discs present or absent ; 

 tongue free behind, sometimes notched ; terrestrial, arboreal and 

 aquatic forms are known ; mainly arctogaean, 3 species in Papuan 

 region and 4 genera in the tropical andesian. Phyllobates D. and B., 

 trop. Amer. ; Oxyqlossus Tsch., E. Indies ; Rana L., frogs, pupil 

 horizontal, vojiiers with teeth, fingers free, toes webbed, 4th and 5th 

 metatarsals diverging and webbed together, cosmopolitan except the 

 S. parts of S. Amer. and New Zealand, one species in N. Australia ; 

 R. lemporaria L., the common European brown or grass-frog, spawn 



* Boulenger, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. ((}), 4, 1889, p. 247. 



