CARIXATAE. 



4G1 



Tribe 4. PROCELLARIIFORMES (TUBINARES), Petrels. 



Ocean forms with great powers of flight, witli weighed feet (palmate) 

 and hallux absent or reduced to a stump. Horny sheath of the upper and 

 lower beaks composed of several pieces ; skull schizognathous ; nostrils 

 tubular. They usually select rocky and precipitous coasts for their 

 breeding places. The female lays one egg and takes turn with the male 

 in incubation. The >oung are nurtured for a long period. Cosmopolitan. 



Fam. Procellariidae. With the characters of the tribe. About 100 

 species, more numerous in the S. hemisphere. Procellaria pelagica L., 

 storm petrel or Mother Carey's chicken, Atlantic ; Diomedea exulans L., 

 wandering albatross, S. ocean ; Puffi- 

 nus Briss., Shearwater ; Daption 

 Steph., Cape pigeon ; Fulmarus glaci- 

 alisLi., fulmar petrel ; Oceanites, Prion. 



Tribe 5. CICONIIFORMES. 



Ac[uatic or marsh liirds with wading 

 feet. The vomer is complete, the 

 palate desmognathous, without basi- 

 pterygoid processes. 



Fam. Steganopodldae. Large swim- 

 ming birds with well - developed, 

 often long and pointed, wings, and all 

 the four toes limited by a web. The 

 newly-hatched yoving are blind and 

 helpless and usually naked ; known 

 fossil since the Eocene. Phaethon L., 

 tropic - bird, boatswain bird. Sula 

 Briss., gannets and boobies, with sub- 

 cutaneous extensions of the air-sacs, 

 cosmopolitan except in the cold zones ; 

 S. bassana L., Solan goose. Pha- 

 lacrocorax Briss., cormorants and 

 shags ; with many species (especially 

 in New Zealand) cosmopolitan. Plotus 

 L., Australia, Indo-Malaya, Afr., C. 

 and S. Amer. ; P. anhinga, the snake- 

 bird or darter. Fregata Cuv. {Tacy- 



petes Vieill.), frigate-bird, tropical. Pelecanus L., pelicans, cosmopolitan 

 except in cold zone. 



Fam. Ardeidae. Herons, bitterns. AVading birds with long legs and 

 neck ; aquintocubital, with aftershaft ; the young are long helpless. 

 Ardea L., herons ; Botaurus Steph., bitterns ; Nycticorax Steph.., night- 

 heron ; Bcdaeniceps Gould, shoebill ; Scopus Briss., hammerhead. 



Fam. Ciconiidae. Storks and ibis. The syrinx is without muscles ; 

 fossil from the Oligocene. Ciconia L., storks ; C. alba L., Eur. to C. Afr., 

 Asia. Leptoptilus Less., L. crumenijer, marabou stork, Afr. ; L. dubius, 

 the adjutant, India. Tantalus, Abdimia, Mycteria. Eudocimus ruber 

 Vieill., the scarlet ibis of -C. Amer. ; Ibis religiosa Cuv., the sacred ibis of 

 the Egyptians. Platalea leiicorodia L., ''spoonbill. 



Fam. Phoenicopteridae. Flamingos. With long legs and necks, beak 



