DIPROTODONTIA. 537 



vorous and extracts honey from flowers ; Papua and Australia, 3 

 species. Dactylopsila Gray, Papua and N. Australia. Petauroides 

 Thomas, with flying membrane, Queensland to Victoria, 1 species. 

 Pseudochirus Ogilb., Tasmania, Avistralia, N. Guinea ; about 10 

 species. Trichosurus Less. (Fig. 282), large size, Australia and 

 Tasmania ; 2 species. Phalanger Storr {Cuscus), largish size, Austro- 

 Malaya from Celebes to Queensland, 5 species; Ph. ursinus and 

 celebensis from Celebes. Archizonurus, Palaeopefaurus, Burramys 

 have been described from the Pleistocene of Australia. 



Sub-fam. 3. Phascolarctinae. Jluzzle short, tongue not extensile; 

 tail absent ; caecum large ; cheek pouches present. Phascolm'ctxis 

 Blainv., the kaola or native bear, S. E. Australia, two feet in length 

 and a good climber. 1 species. 



Fig. 282. — Trichosurvs vulpiiivs (from Claus). 



Sub-fam. 4. Thylacoleontinae. Large, extinct fornis from the 

 Pleistocene of Australia ; dentition ^ f c J p f m ^, last premolar 

 being large and trenchant, Uke that of the rat-kangaroos. The orbit 

 is completely surrounded by bone, which is not the case in any other 

 marsupial. It was probably a phalanger-like animal, mainly herbiv- 

 orous, bvit possibly partly carnivorous. Thylacoleo Owen, Pleis- 

 tocene, Australia. 

 Fam. 3. Phascolomyidae. Fossorial, root-eating forins with stout, 

 ckunsy body. Limbs subequal ; manus with 5 subequal digits, pes 

 with 4 strong toes and a short nailless hallux, digits 2 and 3 showing a 

 slight tendency towards syndactylism ; tail reduced to a stump ; stomach 

 simple with cardiac gland ; caecum short, with vermiform appendix ; 

 pouch present. Dentition i r c '^ p \ m ^, all teeth with persistent 

 pulps, incisors rodent-like, with enamel only on front surface, milk pre- 

 molar not known ; Tasmania and S. Australia. Phascolomys E. Geoff., 

 wombat, 3 species. Extinct forms from the Pleistocene of Australia are 

 Phascolonus Ow., nearly as large as a tapir, Sceparnodon Ow. 



Fam. 4. Diprotodontidae. Extinct forms from the Pleistocene of 

 Australia. Diprotodon Ow., very large foims of the size of a rhinoceros, 

 resembling Macropus but with subequal limbs ; palate fully ossified ; 



