ARTIODACTLAY, HIPPOPOTAMIDAE. 



bS'd 



liberiensis is a small species with only two incisors in the lower jaw, Liberia 

 (formerly called choeropsis) ; extinct species from all over the Old World, 

 including Madagascar (not in Australia), Pliocene and Pleistocene. 



All the above families 

 have tuberculated mo- 

 lars. 



We now come to 

 a number of extinct 

 forms in which the 

 tubercles of the molars 

 are connected by low 

 ridges, so that they 

 may be called buno- 

 lophodont. They are 

 intermediate forms 

 leading to the Rumi- 

 nantia. The Caeno- 

 theridae and Xiphodon- 

 tidae show affinities to 

 living groups. The 

 others though inter- 

 mediate between Suidae 

 and Ruminantia show 

 no special affinity to 

 any living group 



Fam. 4. Anthracoth- 

 eriidae.* Extinct forms. 

 Eocene and Miocene. 

 ^■ I c i p i m I ; u. 

 molars with 4 tubercles 

 and an intermediate 

 tubercle in the anterior 

 half of the tooth, molars tending to selenodonty ; tetradactyle limbs, 

 inner and outer toes rather smaller than the middle, metacarpals and 



A _ 



Fig. 304. — Hyopotamus velaimus Cuv. Skull, A from below. 

 B from the side (after Kowalevsky, from Zittel). 



Fig. 30-1 bis. — Anophthcnum lutipes Gerv., Upper Eocene. A the two hinder upper pre- 

 molars and the anterior molar. B the two hinder lower molars. The cusps are lettered 

 as follows : a antero-external, 6 antero-internal, fei antero-intermediate, c postero- 

 external, d postero-internal ; a antero-internal, ^ antero-external, y postero-external ; 

 ^', 3", 7I the tliree inner tubercles (nat. size, from Zittel). 



metatarsals not fused (Fig. 303) ; ungual phalanges pointed. Anthra- 

 cotherium Cuv., Hyopotamus Ow. {Ancodus Pomel), Merycopotamus 

 Falconer, u. molars with 4 tubercles only. 



Fam. 5. Anoplotheriidae.f Extinct, Eocene and Miocene ; i ^ c \ 

 p i tn § ; teeth in a continuous row, without gaps as in man ; molars 

 seleno-bunodont, u. molars with an intermediate tubercle (Fig. 304 bis, A, b) 



* W. Kowalevskv, On the Osteology of the Hj'opotamidae, Phil. Trans. , 

 1873. t Cuvior,' Ossem. Fo.«s., 3, 1812. 



