660 



PRIMATES. 



Fig. 331.— Skeleton of Gorilla (from Claus). ^as- 

 tragalus, Ac acromion, C calcaneum, CI clavicle ; 

 Fe femur, Fi fibula, H humerus, 11 ilium, Is 

 Ischium, Os sacrum. P pubis. Pa patella, Pc 

 coracold process, R radius, Sc scapula, T tibia, 

 U ulna. 



except in man and occa- 

 sionally the orang. The 

 suture between maxillary 

 and premaxillary bones dis- 

 appears in man before birth, 

 in the other genera it per- 

 sists until the completion 

 of the second dentition or 

 nearly to that period. In 

 Hylobates there are 18 

 dorsolumbar vertebrae, in 

 Simia 16, but in the other 

 genera the number is 17. 

 Homo and Simia have 12 

 pairs of ribs, Anthropopi- 

 thecus and Gorilla 13. The 

 sacrum contains at least 5 

 ankylosed vertebrae. The 

 carpus has a centrale in 

 Hylobates and Simia, but 

 not in Anthropopithecus , 

 Homo or Gorilla. The 

 hallux is opposable except 

 m Homo. The cerebrum is 

 always well convoluted and 

 large, projecting back be- 

 hind the cerebellum (except 

 in the Siamang). The 

 volume of the brain in 

 Simia and Anthropopithecus 

 is about half that of man ; 

 in Gorilla it is rather larger. 

 The stomach is simple, and 

 the caecum small with a 

 vermiform appendix. There 

 is an OS penis except in 

 Homo, in which there may 

 sometimes be a trace of it. 

 All are omnivorous, and all 

 arboreal, except Homo. 



A few fossil species be- 

 longing to existing genera 

 are known from the Pliocene 

 of India, and three fossil 

 genera. Pithecanthropus Du- 

 bois, from the Pliocene of 

 Java, Dryopitheciis Lartet, 

 and Pliopithecus Gervais, 

 from the Miocene of Europe. 



Dryopithecus seems to 

 have been allied to the 

 gorilla and Pliopithecus to 

 the chimpanzee. Pithecan- 



