96 



CO MP A RA TI VE ANA TOM Y 



CHAP. 



1). Cephalopoda. 



The gills of the Cephalopoda are always feathered on both sides. Those of the 



Dibrancliia have been the most thoroughly investigated. In Sepia, each gill has 



the shape of a slender cone, its whole length being applied to the visceral dome in 



the mantle cavity, in such a Avay that the base is directed dorsally towards the apex 



^ of the visceral dome, and the point ventrally 



towards the free edge of the mantle fold or 

 the mantle cleft (Fig. 80, p. 83). The 

 points of the two gills diverge. 



The two rows of flat triangular l>ranchial 

 leaflets (Fig. 92) are carried by the two 

 branchial vessels, each leaflet being attached 

 by one end of its base to the branchial artery 

 and by the other to the branchial vein. In 

 the axis of the gill between the two vessels, 

 and also between the bases of the two rows 

 of leaflets, a channel is formed which com- 

 municates by a slit between each successive 

 pair of leaflets with the mantle cavity ; 

 through this canal the respiratory water 

 freely flows. The slits in this axial channel 

 are arranged alternately on each side, like 

 the leaflets between whose bases they lie. 

 The branchial vein forms the posterior sup- 

 Fio. 9-2. -Diagram to illustrate the struc port of the gill turned towards the mantle, 

 ture of the gill of Sepia (utter Jouhin). ], i 4.1 i i • i t j.-i i • >. 



„ ,. , r , ^ .. ...,,, A ' and the branclnal artery the anterior support 

 Branchial vein (contamuig arterial blood) ; 2, "^ '- '■ 



branchial canal; 3, branchial; artery (contain- turned towards the visceral dome. The 

 ing venous blood) ; 4, special branchial vein artery is united along its entire length with 

 (va.sefferen.s)ofeach leaflet -,5, special branchial the integument of the visceral dome by a 

 artery(vasafferens)ofeachleaflet;Osuspensor jnembrane of connective tissue. The an- 

 of the gill, which attaches the branchial artery . . 

 (3) to the posterior integument of the visceral ^^rior edge of each leaflet (that facmg the 

 dome (12) ; 7, suspensor of each leaflet to the visceral dome) is connected with this mem- 

 general suspensor (0) ; 8, one of the connecting brane, which may be called tlie gill-suspen- 

 vessels between the brancliial artery and tlie ^^j. , ^^^^^^^ ^f another triangular mem- 

 " blood-making gland " (9), tlirough which , . ... , ^, 

 venous blood flows; 10, 11, vessels carrying '^''^'i'?- ^ ^P^cial vem runs along the 

 the venous blood whicli has passed througli posterior free edge of each leaflet, and enters 

 the " blood-making " gland back to the venous the general branchial vein at its base ; and 

 sinus at the base of the gill. The arrows in- ^ special artery runs along the anterior edge, 

 dicate the direction of tlie blood-stream. . 1 j.i j. i c ^.i i a x 1 • i • 



I.e. along that edge of the leaflet which is 



fastened to the suspensor. Each leaflet is wrinkled in such a way that the folds 

 on the two surfaces alternate, each fold being creased in its turn. These two systems 

 of folds cross each other at right angles, and serve to increase the respiratory surface. 

 At the point where the suspensor of the gill passes into the integument of the 

 visceral dome, it contains a cellular body, which is traversed by a system of inter- 

 cellular blood-channels. This may perhaps be a blood-making gland. It receives 

 venous blood from branches of the piincipal branchial artery and of the special 

 arteries of the leaflets, and returns the same along two^veins whicli run back to the 

 base of the gill, there, with others, to open into the venous sinus of the renal organ ; 

 from this organ the blood passes for the second time along the branchial artery into 

 the gill. We thus find that not all the venous blood which is conducted by the 

 branchial artery towards the gills enters the leaflets for purposes of respiration ; part 



