60. 
BRITISH FOSSIL SPONGES. 
. 1851 Morris, J. Paleontological Notes (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 2nd 
ser., vol. 8, p- 88). 
Refers to the cavities, now infilled with silica, in Cretaceous Jnocerami and 
Belemnitella, and regards them as produced by the borings of Sponges, like 
Cliona. 
. 1852 Werneretr, N. T. Note on a New Species of Clionites (Ann. and Mag. 
Nat. Hist., 2nd ser., vol. x, p. 354, Pl. 5, figs. 1, 2). 
Describes small oval infillings in the shell of Inoceramus, which, however, 
do not appear to have any relation to boring Sponges. 
. 1852 Ginset, E.G. Deutschlands Petrefacten. 
The Sponges are placed under Amorphozoa. References are given to the 
description, geological position, and place of occurrence of 148 species from 
the strata of Germany. 
1852 Quenstept, F. A. Handbuch der Petrefaktenkunde. 
References are made to most of the Jurassic species of Sponges described 
by Goldfuss, as well as to Ventriculites and Siphonia. The external characters 
and canal structures are described in detail. The similarity of the skeleton 
of some of the Jurassic Sponges to that of Ventriculites is recognised, as well 
as the resemblance of detached fossil Sponge spicules to those of existing 
Sponges. Fossil Sponges generally are stated to consist of interwoven fibres, 
between which calcareous or siliceous spicules occur, but the spicular nature 
of the fibre itself is not noticed. 
61. 1852 D’Orsieny, A. Cours élémentaire de Paléontologie. 
Sponges are placed in the group Amorphozoaires of Blainville, their 
skeletons are stated to be either “ corné”’ or “ testacé,” fibreux ” or ‘* poreux.” 
The author denies that fossil Sponges ever possessed a horny skeleton, like 
many living forms, but states that they were always calcareous and stony. 
Sponges generally are placed in two groups; those with horny skeletons, of 
which the only fossil representatives are species of Cliona, and those with 
stony (testacé) skeletons, which are exclusively fossil, and no longer exist. 
For these latter the following families are proposed :—(1) Ocellarid@; (2) 
Siphonide ; (3) Lymnoreide ; (4) Sparsispongide, and (5) Amorphospongide. 
The skeletal characters are referred to in a general manner as filamentous 
tissues, and no distinction is made between siliceous sponges and calcisponges. 
Numerous new genera are introduced, but their characters are too indefinite 
to possess any value. 
