16 
82. 
CO 
eo 
84. 
BRITISH FOSSIL SPONGES. 
of the proximately adjoining stars. The genus Aulocopium, Oswald, is further 
defined, and several new species included therein ; its intimate structure is 
stated to bea fibrous tissue. A fresh species of Astr@ospongiais also described. 
. 1861 Saurer, J. W. Mem. Geol. Surv. of Great Britain; 32, Scotland, p. 135, 
Pl. Vi, figs. 333) @: 
Describes and figures Amphispongia oblonga from the Silurian of the 
Pentland Hills, as a calcisponge allied to Grantia. 
. 1861 Loriot, P. ps. Description des animaux invertébrés contenus dans 
l’étage Néocomien moyen du Mont Saleéve. 
Numerous species of Sponges are described and figured, only their external 
characters are referred to, and the classification of Fromentelis adopted. The 
forms are evidently calcisponges for the most part, with one or two species 
of hexactinellids. 
1862' Grirrita and M‘Coy. A Synopsis of the Silurian Fossils of Ireland. 
A single Sponge is described under the name of Acanthospongia Siluriensis. 
The spicules are stated to be of the shape of the letter X, and to possess six 
rays. No figure is given. 
. 1863 Hain, J. Observations upon the genera Uphantenia and Dictyophyton 
(Siateenth Annual Report of the New York State Museum of Natural 
History, p. 84, Pls. ui—v, v a). 
These fossils, now regarded as Sponges, are described as Alow of a 
peculiar form and mode of growth. Numerous species are figured and 
referred to. 
1863 Hann, J. Note on the Occurrence of Astylospongia in the Lower 
Helderberg Rocks (Siwteenth Annual Report of the New York State 
Cabinet, p. 69). 
A globose body is described under the name of Astylospongia inornata, 
but there is no account of its internal structure, and it is probably wrongly 
referred to this genus. 
5. 1864 Rommer, F. A. Die Spongitarien des norddeutschen Kreidegebirges 
(Paleontographica, Bd. xiii, pp. 1—63, Pls. I—XIX). 
In this important work the artificial systems of classification of D’Orbigny 
and Fromentel are adopted, with the result of uniting into the same group 
Sponges whose structures are very distinct. The tissue of fossil Sponges is 
regarded as either lattice-like or vermiculate. The former is stated to consist 
of very thin, smooth, siliceous rods, which grow together so as to make a 
lattice-like web, with octahedral nodes. The vermiculate fibres may be either 
siliceous or calcareous; in the former case the structure resembles the lattice- 
The date on the title-page of this book is 1846, but it was not published and sold until 1862, 
