155. 
157. 
158. 
159. 
160. 
Tow. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 29 
1878 Sotnas, W. J. On the Structure and Affinities of the Genus Catagma 
(Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 8. 5, vol. 2, pp. 8353—364, Pl. XIV). 
Describes the minute structure of some fibrous calcisponges from the Lower 
Greensand of Faringdon, which is stated to consist of two kinds of spicules, 
one kind uniaxial, arranged longitudinally in the exterior third of the fibre, the 
other kind multiradiate (three- or four-rayed), three of the rays occupying the 
interior or core of the fibre, the fourth directed outwardly and echinating the 
exterior of the fibre. The Sponges, in opposition to the views of Zittel, are 
regarded as siliceous, and placed as a new sub-family, the Catagmide, in the 
order Rhaphidonemata, Carter. 
. 1878 Travrscnontp. Ueber Camerospongia Auerbachi, Hichwald (Zeitschr. 
d. deutsch. Geol. Gesell, Bd. 30, pp. 225—228, Pl. IX). 
Shows that this Sponge properly belongs to the genus Cwloptychiwin, 
Goldf. 
1878 Carter, H. J. Emendatory description of Purisiphonia Clarke, 
Bowerb., a Hexactinellid Fossil Sponge from N. W. Australia (Ain. 
and Mag. Nat. Hist., S. 5, vol. i, p. 376). 
Gives details of the structure and of the form of the flesh-spicules. 
1878 Biassy, J.J. Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniferus. 
Under Amorphozoa there are twenty-five species enumerated, but not more 
than five or six of these are true fossil Sponges. 
1878 Martin, K. Niederlaendische und nordwest-deutsche Sedimenter- 
Geschiebe, pp. 63—68, PI. I. 
Describes a new species, Aulocopium variabile, and as a new genus and 
species Silurispongia conus, but the spicular structure of this form is unknown, 
and the generic characters are, therefore, of little value. 
1878 Wattacr,S. On the Geodes of the Keokuk Formation (American Journ. 
Science, 8. 3, vol. xv, pp. 866—370). 
These bodies are believed to be Sponges, and formed into a new genus, 
named PBiopalla, including numerous species. No figures are given, and the 
evidence brought forward is altogether insufficient to establish their alleged 
origin. 
1878 Eruerince, R., Junr. Paleontological Notes (Geol. Mag., Dec., ii, vol. 
Ves -519): 
Records fresh localities in the East of Scotland where the anchoring rope 
of Hyalonema parallelum = Hyalostelia Smithii, Young and Young occurs, and 
notices a more delicate form, proposed to be named H. Youngi, but which is 
probably the true H. parallelum, of M‘Coy. 
