BIBLIOGRAPHY. 4] 
following genera are proposed; their characters are mainly based on the 
external form of the bodies; Cyathophycus, Dictyophyton, Hetenodictya, 
Lyrodictya, Thamnodictya, Phragmodictya, Cleodictya, Physospongia, and 
Uphantenia. 
220. 1884 Horrnus, R. Elemente der Palxontologie. 
Fossil Sponges are placed under Coelenterata. The classification and 
descriptions of Zittel are closely followed, and the figures are likewise nearly 
all borrowed from the works of the same author. 
221. 1884 Carrer, H. J. On the Spongia coriacea of Montagu = Leucosolenia 
coriacea, Bowk., together with a new variety of Leucosolenia lacunosa, 
Bowk., elucidating the spicular structure of some of the Fossil 
Calcispongie, followed by illustrations of the pinlike spicules on 
Verticillites helvetica, De Loriol (Aun. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xiv, 
pp. 17—29, Pl. I). 
Describes the stem of Leucosolenia lacunosa, var. Hillieri, as solid and 
formed of central triradiates with an outer layer of minute vermiform trira- 
diate spicules, similar to those of many fossil Pharetrones. 
222. 1885 Potra, P. Beitriige zur Kenntniss der Spongien der béhm. Kreide- 
formation. III Abtheil., Tetractinellidee, Monactinellid, Calcispongie, 
Ceratospongie, Nachtrag (Abhandl. der k. bohm. Gesells. der Wissen., 
vii Folge, 1 Band, sep. cop., pp. 1—40, Pl. I). 
Numerous forms of detached spicules belonging to the two first-named 
orders are described ; they resemble closely those occurring in strata of the 
same age in England and Germany. Many new species of calcisponges are 
described, but in most instances the microscopical structure cannot be recog- 
nised. A new genus Pareiia is also proposed. The author opposes the view 
of Dunikowski respecting the secondary origin of the fibres in the family 
Pharetrones. Reference is made to casts of branching cylindrical bodies, sup- 
posed to be Ceratospongia, but there are no evidences of organic structure in 
them to support the theory. 
223. 1885 Souxirer, C. Hin schon linger bekannte Spongie des rheinischen 
Devon (Sitzungsber. der niederrh. Gesells. in Bonn, p. 151). 
Constitutes anew genus Octacium, for detached eight-rayed spicules hitherto 
included under Astrazospongia. 
224. 1885 Quenstept, F. A. Handbuch der Petrefaktenkunde, 3rd Ed. 
Sponges are treated in the same desultory manner as in the ‘ Petrefakten 
Deutschlands’ of the same author; no definite classification is introduced ; 
and they are for the most part ranged in the obsolete genera of Goldfuss and 
F 
