224 BRITISH JURASSIC SPONGES. 
these are simple or three-rayed forms is uncertain. These latter spicules pre- 
dominate in the wall of the cloaca. 
There are considerable differences in the size of the sponges; small specimens 
are only 15 mm. in length by 7 mm. in thickness, whilst the larger reach to 
70 mm. in length and from 10 mm. to 20 mm. in thickness. An example of this 
species from Malton, now in the Woodwardian Museum at Cambridge, was 
referred by Prof. M‘Coy to Scyphia cylindrica, Goldfuss, but independently of the 
presence of a canal system the fibres of the Yorkshire forms are much more 
delicate than those in the German sponge. According to Mr. Chadwick, to whom 
I am indebted for the specimens figured, this species is fairly abundant in the beds 
of Coralline Oolite which cap Langton Wold for a distance of two or three miles. 
The specimens are usually simple ; not infrequently they are partially covered by a 
small oyster which has grown over the surface, and sometimes other sponges 
have also attached themselves to it. 
Distribution.—Corallian. Coralline Oolite; zone of Ammonites plicatilis, 
Langton Wold, near Malton. Coral Rag, Settrington, Yorkshire (Coll. Mr. S. 
Chadwick). 
33. CorYNELLA ortBRATA, Hinde, sp. nov. Plate XVI, figs. 4—4f. 
Sponges rarely simple, usually in small colonies of depressed, subcylindrical, 
conical, or club-shaped individuals, sometimes completely amalgamated together, 
in other cases merely connected laterally or else quite free and divergent. The 
basal portion in some specimens has small patches of wrinkled dermal layer, but 
as a rule the surface is free and the wall fibres uncovered. The summits of the 
spongites are sometimes inflated, gently rounded, or conical; the oscule either 
circular or elliptical, from 1 mm. to 3 mm. in breadth, its margin entire or 
deeply cleft with open furrows; the walls are deeply traversed by canals— 
those next the surface forming open furrows—which extend longitudinally, 
obliquely, or even transversely, and seem to anastomose freely. ‘he larger 
canals are from ‘5 mm. to 1 mm. in breadth, and open into the cloacal tube 
at irregular intervals. These canals vary in number and direction even in 
individuals of the same colony; for whilst the surface in some specimens is 
seamed over with them (PI. XVI, figs. 4, 4.a),in others there are but few exposed. 
As a rule they are more prominent in the smaller specimens. The skeletal fibres 
are delicate, in transverse section from ‘05 mm. to ‘18 mm. in thickness. They 
are mainly composed of irregular three-rayed spicules; one of the rays is usually 
short and blunt, whilst the other two are more tapering and pointed, ranging 
from ‘16 mm. to *25 mm. in length. These rays usually overlap one another in 
