PLATE TX. 
Figs. 1, 1 a—1 g —AsreractINELLA TUMIDA, Hinde, sp. nov. 
Figs. 1, 1 a—1 f—Various forms of skeletal-spicules. Enlarged ten diameters. 
Fig. 1 g.—A fragment of the skeleton of the Sponge, showing the irregular arrangement of the 
large and smaller spicules. Enlarged twenty diameters. From the Lower Carboniferous, upper part 
of the Lower Limestone series at Law Quarry, Dalry, Ayrshire. The original specimens in the 
collections of Mr. J. Smith and Mr. Bennie. 
Figs. 2 2 a, 2 6.—THoLIAsTERELLA CRASSA, Hinde, sp. nov. 
Figs. 2, 2 a.—Fragments of the skeleton of the Sponge, showing the arrangement of the spicules 
and the partial welding of the rays of adjacent forms. Enlarged ten diameters. 
Fig. 2 6.—An “umbrella”’-shaped spicule in which the rays are very inequally developed. The 
vertical ray has been broken off. Enlarged ten diameters. From the Lower Carboniferous, lower part 
of Lower Limestone series at Crawfield Quarry, Beith, Ayrshire. The original specimens in the 
collection of Mr. John Young, F.G.S. 
Figs. 8, 3 a—3 e.—Hinpia Fiprosa, Roemer sp. 
Fig. 3.— Portion of a longitudinal section, showing the spicular mesh, which has been replaced by 
calcite. Enlarged sixty diameters. 
Fig. 8 a.—Portion of a transverse section of the same specimen, showing the canals bounded by 
the spicular mesh. From limestones of Ordovician Age at Craighead, Girvan, Ayrshire. 
Fig. 3 b.—Portion of a longitudinal section, showing the spicular mesh. The structure has been 
replaced by calcite, and the junction of the spicules with each other is only faintly shown. Enlarged 
one hundred diameters. From Silurian strata at Dalhousie, New Brunswick. 
Figs. 8 ce, 3d, 3 e.—Three detached spicules of the Sponge. Enlarged eighty diameters. The 
spicules retain their siliceous structure; they are, however, much eroded by fossilization. From a 
specimen from Dalhousie. The original examples are in my collection. 
Figs. 4, 4 a—4 e.—Prronetia sparsa, Hinde, sp. nov. 
Figs. 4, 4 a—4 e—Detached three-rayed spicules referred to this species. Enlarged sixty 
diameters. 
Figs. 4 d—4 e.—Smaller four-rayed spicules. Enlarged sixty diameters. From Lower Carbo- 
niferous at Woodend, Cowdens, Fite, Scotland. Collection of Mr. J. Bennie. 
Figs. 5, 5 a, 5 6.—Rentera cravata, Hinde, sp. nov. 
Detached skeletal-spicules. Enlarged sixty diameters. From the Chert Sponge-beds of the 
Yoredale series at Richmond, Yorkshire, and Henblas, Flintshire. My collection. 
Figs. 6, 6 a, 6 6.—Rentera virea, Hinde, sp. nov. 
Detached skeletal-spicules. Enlarged sixty diameters. From the Carboniferous Limestone at 
Clitheroe, Lancashire, and from the Yoredale Sponge-beds at Richmond, Yorkshire. 
Figs. 7, 7 a—7 6.—Rentera Graciuis, Hinde. 
Detached skeletal-spicules. Enlarged sixty diameters. From the Sponge-beds of the Yoredale 
series at Richmond, Yorkshire. My collection. 
Figs. 8, 8 a—8 c.—Rentera Zirrent, Poéta. 
Detached skeletal-spicules. Enlarged sixty diameters. From the Sponge-beds of the Yoredale 
series at Halkin and Henblas, Flintshire. My collection. 
Fig. 9.—Reytera Bactttum, Hinde, sp. nov. 
Detached skeletal-spicules. Enlarged sixty diameters. From the Sponge-beds of the Yoredale 
series at Trelogan, Flintshire. 
Fig. 10.—AXxINELLA PAXILLUS, Hinde, sp. nov. 
A detached skeletal-spicule. Enlarged forty diameters. From the Carboniferous Limestone at 
Clitheroe, Lancashire. 
Figs. 11, 11 a, 11 6.—Geoprres nastatus, Hinde, sp. nov. 
Fig. 11.—A trifid zone-spicule. Enlarged forty diameters. : 
Figs. 11 a, 11 6.—Two detached acerate spicules, similarly enlarged. From the Carboniferous 
Limestone at Clitheroe, Lancashire. My collection. 
Figs. 12, 12 a—12 e.—Groptres cornurus, Hinde, sp. nov. 
Fig. 12.—A trifid zone-spicule. Enlarged forty diameters. 
Fig. 12 a.—A trifid so-called anchor-spicule, similarly enlarged. 
Figs. 12 6, 12 c.—Two acerate skeletal-spicules, similarly enlarged. : 
Figs. 12 d, 12 e.—Two reniform spicules of the dermal layer of the Sponge. _ Enlarged sixty 
diameters. From the Chert Sponge-beds of the Yoredale series at Richmond, Yorkshire, and Henblas 
and Trelogan, Flintshire. My collection. 
Figs. 13, 13 a.—Flesh Spicules of Hexacrinetirp Sponges. 
Fig. 13.—A detached flesh-spicule with spinous rays. Enlarged two hundred diameters. From 
the Chert Sponge-beds of the Yoredale series at Richmond, Yorkshire. 
Fig. 13 a.—An imperfect flesh-spicule. Enlarged one hundred diameters. From a boulder of 
Carboniferous Chert in the Drift at York. My collection. 
