THE CODLING MOTH ON PEARS IN CALIFORNIA, 33 
in normal pears do not close up so quickly as in the case of the apple. 
The blooming period of pears in California is usually very much 
longer, sometimes lasting from three to five weeks from the first to 
last appearing blossoms. There is also a ‘“‘second crop” of fruit 
which is somewhat later than the other and longer stemmed. It is 
noticeable that the calyx lobes on this second-crop fruit close up 
tightly very quickly after the shedding of the petals. As a large 
percentage of the first-brood worms enters the fruit through the 
calyx, it is necessary to have poison in the calyx cups before they are 
closed. Thefirst larve begin to hatch some three to five weeks after the 
blooming periodisover. At 
least one and preferably two tt 
thorough sprayings should 
be given before this period 
of hatching of the larve. 
Opportunity was offered 
during the season of 1909 to 
test the value of two and 
three treatments on pears 
and in 1910 a larger set of 
experiments, to determine 
the number of applications 2612 9 /6 23 30\6 /3 20 27 
most efficient and the value SULY AUG. SEPT. 
of each as compared with Fig. 15.—Weekly emergence of codling moths from larve 
no treatment at all, was collected from banded apple trees at San Jose, Cal., 1909. 
; Original.) 
carried out. Theresultsof — ‘ 
these and certain other observations are given in the following pages. 
EFFECT OF SPRAYS ON PLACES OF ENTRANCE INTO PEARS BY LARVA. 
Records were kept throughout both seasons for the entrance holes 
of all the larve in the fruit of 10 trees in each block used in the 
spraying experiments. 
It is interesting to note the places of entrance in the fruit by the 
larve, the effect of the different applications on the comparative 
percentages of worms entering at the calyx and at the side and stem, 
and where the greater number of larve was killed. These data are 
given in Tables XIX to XXXIII, inclusive. (Tables XIX to XXI 
are the records from the 1909 experiments at Concord, Cal.; Tables 
XXIT to XXIX, the records from the 1910 experiments at Walnut 
Creek, Cal.; and Tables XXX to XX XIII the records from the experi- 
ments at Suisun, Cal., in 1910.) Only the worms entering at the 
calyx cavity proper are recorded as calyx worms; all larve entering 
the fruit through side, base, and around the stem are recorded under 
the heading of side and stem. 
