42 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 
The -first spraying for Plats I and III was just after most of the 
petals had fallen from the trees, April 17 to 21. Calyx cups on some 
of the second-crop fruit were closing at this time. For this spraying 
the nozzles were held close to the fruit clusters in order to fill the calyx 
cavities as much as possible. Many counts showed from 80 to 85 
per cent of all cups to have been filled. The second spraying on 
Plat I came about three weeks later, May 10 to 12, after the first 
moths were out and depositing eggs. This spraying was omitted 
on Plat III. The last spraying was for the second-brood worms and 
was applied June 28 to 30 on Plats I and III, just after the second- 
brood moths began to emerge in numbers. 
A gasoline power outfit was used for all sprayings. One man was 
stationed on a tower platform 8 feet above the tank to spray the tops 
of the trees while two men sprayed from the ground, supplied with 
bamboo rods 10 and 12 feet long with large nozzles with wide chambers 
throwing a mist which spread quickly after leaving the nozzle. A 
uniform pressure of 150 to 175 pounds was maintained, and arsenate 
of lead at the rate of 2 pounds to 50 gallons of water was used, re- 
quiring an average of 24 to 3 gallons of spray per tree for each appli- 
cation. 
The total expense of spraying, including the arsenate of lead at 
124 cents per pound, four men to run the machine and do the spraying 
at $1.50 per day for each man, and two horses at $1 each per day, 
and gasoline and lubricating oil, etc., amounted to 63 cents per tree 
for three applications and 44 cents per tree for two applications. 
The records in Tables XX XVII, XXXVIII, and XXXIX give the 
comparison of the sound and wormy fruit from 10 trees in each plat 
for the season. The windfalls were gathered and graded once each 
week. 
Taste XXXVII.—Sound and wormy fruit from 10 pear trees of Plat I, sprayed three 
times, in orchard of Mr. George Whitman, Concord, Cal., 1909. 
Number of windfallen Number of pears from 
| pears. frase Total number. 
7 I Per cent 
Tree No. iz eae A : SS Peon 
| Total. | Wormy.| Sound. | Total. | Wormy.| Sound.| Total. | Wormy.| Sound. 
ILS So Serer 440 23 417 | 1,294 39 | 1,255] 1,734 62} 1,672 96. 42 
8. ASSO IT OTS | 95 5 90 | 1,078 34 1,044 1,173 39 | 1,134 96.68 
Oeste Se ioe 73 8 65 775 24 751 848 32 816 96. 23 
Bae Een Sie eiae 171 14 157 1,548 43 1,505 ila) 57 1,662 96.68 
Dee eee ees - 90 4 86 1,025 20 1,005 1,115 24 1,091 97.85 
GiO2 ase fae | 368 19 349 846 21 825 1,214 40 | 1,174 96. 71 
oes 2 to hee aracs 153 11 142 1, 164 22 1,142 1,317 33 1, 284 97.50 
Be Rega coe 122 8 114 794 17 777 916 25 891 97.28 
Queso ces 658 19 639 1,298 19 1,279 1, 956 38 1,918 98. 06 
1023 Gute ee 246 15 231 981 14 967 1,227 29 1,198 97.64 
Total, trees } | 
LO Rete | 2,416 126 2,290 | 10,803 253.) LOs550)) 135219 379 | 12,840 97.12 
